International Relations - Test 1 - Benjamin Tkach

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Interests
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Terms in this set (52)
Interests
what actors want to achieve through political action; their preferences over the outcomes that might result from their political choices
interactions
ways in which the choices of two or more actors combine to produce political outcomes
institutions
sets of rules (known and shared by the community) that structure interactions in specific ways, "define the rules of the games"
liberalism
multiples actors that focus to maximize wealth, cooperation through profitable exchanges is common. optimistic view that world progress is possible
Constructivism
actors function primarily on influences of their culture, ideas, and identity. Instituitions can promote new global norms while states involved are encouraged to comply to be seen as cooperative.
Realism
states are the dominant actors and world politics is characterized by anarchy
Bargaining
two or more actors divide something they both want / must choose to make one better off at the expense of another
Anarchy
absence of a central authority that enforces laws and binds all actors
Sovereignty
states have legal and political supremacy (ultimate authority) in their territorial boundaries
Mercantilism
economic doctrine based on a belief that military power and economic influence complement each other. These policies favored the mother country during colonial expansion.
13 Coloniesa group of British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America founded in the 17th and 18th centuriesWW11914, after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and lasted until 1918. During the conflict, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central Powers) fought against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan and the United States (the Allied Powers)Interwar Instabilityeconomic depression prevailed in Europe for much of the inter-war period, and debtor nations found it impossible to pay their debts without borrowing even more money, at higher rates, thus worsening the economy to an even greater degree. Germany especially was destroyed economically by World War I and its aftermath: the reparations to Britain and France forced on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles were impossibly high. the rise of hitlerGold Standardthe monetary system that prevailed between about 1870 and 1914, in which countries tied their currencies to gold at a legally fixed priceNATOan alliance formed to protect the freedom and security of its members through political and military action, primarily against the Soviet Union (attack on one is an attack on all)Bretton Woods SystemThe economic order negotiated among allied nations at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in 1944, which led to a series of cooperative arrangements involving a commitment to relatively low barriers to international trade and investment.DecolonizationThe process of shedding colonial possessions, especially the rapid end of the European empires in Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean between the 1940s and the 1960s.Cooperation Examplekids throwing a party/ group of firms lobbying Congress for trade protection/ UK and USA against Saddam Hussein/Bargaining Examplesanction, negotiate, or fight/ Pareto Frontier/ two states want the same territory/ UK and USA cooperated to defeat Iraq, but bargained on their levels of involvementStag Huntdescribes a conflict between safety and social cooperationBATNAbest alternative to a negotiated agreement/ the most advantageous alternative course of action a party can take if negotiations fail and an agreement cannot be reachedInteraction InfluencesIteration, Linkage, InformationIterationrepeated interactions with the same partnersLinkagethe linking of cooperation on one issue to interactions on a second issueInformationan actors history of cooperation pertaining to the likelihood of future dealsCoercion Strategiesmilitary power/ US coerced Saddam to step down or be removed by force/ Vietnam willingness to lose more men when France tried to reclaim Vietnamese territoriesPeace of WestphaliaEnded 30 years war in 1648 by stabilizing borders and resolving religious conflicts/ led to modern state system by recognizing sovereignty and nonintervention.hegemonypredominance of one nation-state over othersPax Britannica"British Peace," a century-long period beginning with Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo in 1815 and ending with the outbreak of World War I in 1914 during which Britain's economic and diplomatic influence contributed to economic openness and relative peace.Treaty of Versaillesthe peace treaty signed by Germany and the Allied powers ending WW1 on June 28, 1919League of NationsA collective security organization founded in 1919 after World War I. The League ended in 1946 and was replaced by the UN.Warsaw PactA Military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and its Cold War Allies, dissolved in 1991 at the end of the Cold WarGlobalizationdramatic expansion of cross-border flowstheorylogically consistent set of statements that explains a phenomenon of intereststate interestsprotecting citizens and acquiring territories (power, security, and territory)business interestsmaximizing profitsenvironmental activists interestsprotecting the atmosphere, oceans, or whalesBargaining is __________Redistributive: involves allocating a fixed sum of value between two different actorsCooperation occurs when ___when actors have a common interests and need to act in a coordinated way to achieve those interests.Cooperation makes _______makes at least one actor better of relative to the status quo without making the others worse offMercantilist Erabegan in 1492, primarily 16th through 18th centuries. Imperial Governments used military power to enrich themselves and their supporters, then used those riches to enhance their military poweractorsthe basic unit for the analysis of international politics; can be individuals or groups of people with common interestsstatea central authority with the ability to make and enforce laws, rules, and decisions within a specified territorynational interestsinterests attributed to the state itself (security and power)Collaborationa type of cooperative interaction in which actors gain from working together but nonetheless have incentives to not comply with any agreementPublic Goodsproducts that are non-excludable and nonrival in consumption, such as national defensecollective action problemobstacles to cooperation that occur when actors have incentives to collaborate but each acts in anticipation that others will pay the costs of cooperationfree rideto fail to contribute to a public good while benefiting from the contributions of othersPowerThe ability of Actor A to get Actor B to do something that B would otherwise not do; the ability to get the other side to make concessions and to avoid having to make concessions oneself.Coerciona strategy of imposing or threatening to impose costs on other actors in order to induce a change in their behavioroutside optionsthe alternatives to bargaining with a specific actoragenda settingactions taken before or during bargaining that make the reversion outcome more favorable for one party EX: sponsoring legislative proposals and public attention