Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Reconstruction and Jim Crow

Terms in this set (46)

Civil Rights Act of 1866
-1st major law ever passed over a presidential veto
-intention was to make blacks U.S citizens with equal rights
Abraham Lincoln
-issued Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
-10 % plan
-assassinated
John Wilkes Booth
Assassinated Abraham Lincoln
Radical Republicans
-supported black suffrage
-supported a reconstruction program including black male enfranchisement
-envisioned a slower readmission process that would bar even more ex-confederates from political life
Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens
led a group of radical republicans who supported black suffrage and reconstruction program for black male enfranchisement
10 % Plan
-Lincolns Reconstruction plan
-enabled southern states to rejoin the union if 10% of those who had cast ballots in the election of 1860 would take an oath of allegiance to the union and accept emancipation
Wade-Davis Bill
- provided that a military governor would rule each former confederate state
-50 % voters had to take the loyalty oath
-Lincoln pocket vetoed
Andrew Johnson
-announces his own program to bring back into the union the 7 southern states w/o reconstruction government
-plan included a purge of aristocracy
-ends up letting them back in easily and handing out pardons
-veto's bills to help African americans
-congress passed a law to protect military roles but Johnson gets rid of Stanton anyway-> broke law -> impeached
Thadeus Stevens
proposed we should break up southern plantations and give Africans 40 acres and a mule
Black Codes
-laws created to deny African Americans freedom and basic rights
-caste develops -> forces them into having to work
-guarantee stable labor supply now that blacks were emancipated
-re-store pre emancipation system of race relations
-forced many blacks to become sharecroppers (tenant farmers)
Charles Sumner
-promoted a bill to desegregate
-after his death congress honored him with a new law -> Civil Rights Act of 1875
Freedmen Bureau
-provided relief, rations, and medical care, built schools for free blacks, and tried to protect their rights
Military Reconstruction Act
-split south into 5 districts
-soldier placed there to make sure blacks are being given the rights they intended them to have
The Tenure of Office Act
barred the president from removing civil officers w/o senate consent
13th Amendment
abolished slavery
14th Amendment
-declared all persons born or naturalized in the U.S were citizens of the nation and of their states
-nullified Dred Scott decision of 1857
-guarantee if a state denied suffrage to any of it's male citizens it's reputation in congress would be reduced
-didn't ensure black suffrage
15th Amendment
Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or previous condition of servitude
Sharecropping System
-division of large plantations into farms which they rented out to freemen under annual leases for a share of the crop, usually 1/2
Crop-lien system
-rural merchants advanced supplies to tenants and sharecroppers on credit and sold their crops to wholesalers or textile manufacturers
-merchants secured their loans with lien, or claim on each farmers next crop
-bound the region to staple production and prevented crop diversification
-System that allowed farmers to get more credit. They used harvested crops to pay back their loans.
Scalawags
A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North
Carpetbaggers
A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states
Ku Klux Klan
-social club formed by 6 confederate war veterans
-distinguished by elaborate rituals, hooded costumes, and secret passwords
-goal was to intimidate African American's not to vote
Enforcement Acts
laws that made it a federal offense to interfere with a citizen's right to vote
1st- protected black voters
2nd- provided for federal supervision of southern elections
3rd- strengthened punishment for those who prevented blacks from voting
Ulysses S. Grant
-war hero
-nominated for president
-wins the election
-passive president, had little political skill
-corruption
-"Grantism"
-decided to annex eastern 1/2 of Caribbean Island of Santo Domingo
Grantism
stood for fraud, bribery, and political corruption
Horace Greeley
-nominated by the liberals
-slogan: "anything to beat Grant"
- died a few weeks after the election
Redemption
-word democrats used to describe their return to power, wanted to oust republicans from office
-redemption devastating for freedmen
why was redemption devastating for freedmen
new laws would impose a condition of servitude scarcely less degrading than that before the late civil war
Rutherford B. Hayes
-nominated by republicans for president
-presented himself as a "moderate" on southern policy
-favored "home rule" in the south and a guarantee of civil and political rights for all -> 2 contradictory goals
Samuel Tilden
-nominated by democrats
-known for his assaults on the Tweed Ring that had plundered NYC's treasury
Hayes Vs. Tilden Election
-both parties accused each other of fraud
-congress created a special electoral commission of 7 democrats, 7 republicans, and 1 independent
-independent resigned -> replaced with a republican -> Hayes won
-democrats controlled the house
Compromise of 1877
Compromise that enables Hayes to take office in return for the end of Reconstruction
-his promise to treat southern blacks fairly were forgotten as were his pledges to ensure freedmen's rights
Jim Crow
Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites
Poll tax
A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote
Grandfather Clause
A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted
segregation
separation of the races
Plessy Vs. Ferguson
-Louisiana passes the "separate car law" 1890
-Holmer Plessy (7/8) white tested the law
-supreme court voted 7-2 that racial separation was okay as long as it was equal
Solid South
A term used to describe the tendency of the southern states to vote Democratic after the Civil War.
de facto segregation
segregation by unwritten custom or tradition
Lynching
mobs hanging people
Atlanta Exposition Address
-Booker T. Washington
-focus on industrial skill and being able to provide for themselves economically before having other equal rights
-giving in to segregation
-have to work from the bottom up and prove themselves
Tuskegee Institute
Black educational institution founded by Booker T. Washington to provide training in agriculture and crafts
The Souls of Black Folk
-W.E.B. DuBois
-described to blacks what they needed to do to earn political equality; more specifically they needed to break out of how the whites defined them and take pride in black heritage and black culture.
-differs in opinion with Washington
-against segregation
-stands for equality in all aspects of life
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
-called for sustained activity to achieve political equality for blacks and full integration into American life
-co founded by Du Bois
Ida B. Wells-Barnet
journalist from Memphis who became the leading anti-lynching activist in the early twentieth century
Jack Johnson
First African American boxer to win the World Heavyweight title (1908), represented idea of the "New Negro" in early-1900s American culture.
Sets found in the same folder