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DNA replication & protein synthesis

Terms in this set (20)

nucleotide
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism that is passed from parent to offspring AND is used by an individual as the recipe for making proteins
DNA replication
process of copying the DNA molecule
cytosine
Nitrogen base that pairs with guanine.
guanine
Nitrogen base that pairs with cytosine.
thymine
nitrogen base found ONLY in DNA that pairs with adenine
adenine
nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA
Watson and Crick
Figured out structure of DNA was a double helix
messenger RNA
RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm
transfer RNA
type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
ribosomal RNA
RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein (acts as the glue)
transcription
the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as a template
RNA
ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins
translation
Process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled
codon
three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
anticodon
group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
triplet code
3 bases of DNA that code for a single amino acid
mutation
a change in a cell's genetic material. Once the genetic material has changed, the change is inherited by the offspring of that CELL
gene
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
polypeptide
synonym for protein; chain of amino acids
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