aspt exam

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accessioning
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Terms in this set (123)
accessioning
the process by which specimens are logged in, labeled, and assigned a specimen identification code
palpate
To examine by touch.
bevel
The opening in the needle
empathy
understanding and entering into another's feelings
apathy
lack of interest; state of not caring
professional
describes people who are paid for what they do
phlebotomy
cutting into a vein
venipuncture
puncture of a vein through the skin in order to withdraw blood for analysis or to start an intravenous drip or to inject medication or a radio opaque dye
anticubital fossa
Triangular layer, anterior to elbow where the major veins for vena puncture are located
cephalic vein
Large vein on the outermost side of the upper arm
basilic veinLarge vein on the inner side of the upper armmedial cubital veinOn the anterior surface of the vein. Vein of choice in intravenous injections.syncopefaintinglumenopening within a hollow tube or organbeveln. Any inclination of two surfaces other than 90 degrees.capillariestiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the bodyextracellular fluidall body fluid other than that contained within cells; includes plasma and interstitial fluidintracellular fluidfluid inside the cellsinterstitial fluidliquid found between the cells of the body that provides much of the liquid environment of the bodyperipheral bloodBlood obtained from the outer surface of the body- (an extremity)capillary bloodShould be collected from the ring or great finger in adults, and lateral sides of the heel in infants, and (rarely) in earlobessusceptable persona person with a compromised immune system.nosocomial infectionan infection acquired in a hospital or other healthcare facility; also known as hospital-acquired infection (HAI).carrier/hosta person who has some pathogen to which he is immune but who can pass it on to othersHIPAAHealth Insurance Portability & Accountability Actaspetic(adj.) germ freeantiseptica substance that destroys micro-organisms that carry disease without harming body tissuesassaultintentional threat to physically or offensively injure anotherbatteryan assault in which the assailant makes physical contactnegligencecareless neglect, often resulting in injuryhemolysisDestruction of red blood cellspathogeniccapable of producing diseaseOSHAOccupational Safety and Health AdministrationCDCCenter for Disease ControlPPEPersonal Protective Equipmentuniversal precautionan approach to infection control that requires the employee to assume that all human blood specified human body fluids are infectious for HIV,HBV and other bloodborne pathogensbasal stateRefers to the resting metabolic state of the body early in the morning after fasting for a minimum of 12 hours.hypogycemialow blood sugarhyperglycemiaabnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetessympathetic blood flow...hemostasisthe stoppage of bleedinghematopoiesisthe formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow)spleenProduces blood cells, destroys damaged blood cells, stores blood cellsanticoagulantmedicine that prevents or retards the clotting of bloodatriathe two upper chambers of the heart- the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.the heartMain organ of the circulatory systemSA nodethe pace-maker of the heart; where the impulse conduction of the heart usually starts; located in the top of the right atriumAV nodeatrioventricular node: a small mass of tissue that passes impulses received from the sinoatrial node to the ventriclesdermal subcutaneous junction...autoregulatory blood flow distress...vena cavaOne of two large vessels (superior and inferior) that return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart.frothingBubbles caused by improper venipuncture technique; i.e. needle not properly seated within the lumen of the vein, or using too small needle for vein sizecoagulantan agent that promotes the clotting of bloodsystemic circulationcirculation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungspulmonary circulationpathway of circulation between the heart and the lungslymphatic circulationOne way system that begins in the tissues and ends when the lymph joins the blood.basophilswhite blood cells that enter damaged tissues and enhance the inflammation process and contain histamine and heparinlymphacytesproduces anitbodiesmonocytesa subgroup of mononuclear cells that are called monocytes when they are in the bloodstream and macrophages when they are in tissues. These cells are the APC's that mediate endocytosis and presentation of antigen to T and B cells during immune reactionstransmission of infectionany mode or mechanism by which an infectious agent is spread through the environment or to another person.contactmode of transmission - disease transmitted by direct human contactdropleta spray of moist particles 3 feet or lessairbornemode of transmitted through the air by droplets or particles.malpracticeprofessional wrongdoing that results in injury or damagebloodborne pathogensdisease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the body in the blood or body fluidsengineering controlscontrols (e.g. sharps disposal container, self sheathing needles) that isolate or remove the Bloodborne pathogen hazard from the workplaceinformed consentconsent by a patient to undergo a medical or surgical treatment or to participate in an experiment after the patient understands the risks involvedethicsmoral principles or valuesbiohazardorganism, or substance derived from an organism, that poses a threat to (primarily) human healthanalyteSubtance or chemical being analyzed or dected in a specimen.MSDSA widely used abbreviation for Material Safety Data Sheet. A MSDS contains details of the hazards associated with a chemical, and gives information on its safe use.aliquota portion of a blood sample that has been removed/separated from the primary specimen tube.ABGArterial Blood Gassesautologousterm used to describe a transfusion from the recipient's own bloodtortin law, a civil misdeed requiring compensationstriated musclemuscle attached to the skeleton, making movement possiblehematomathe collection of blood under the skin as the result of blood escaping into the tissue from damaged blood vessels. bruisemastectomysurgical removal of a breast to remove a malignant tumorlysisthe disintegration of a cell by disruption of the plasma membranehemoconcentrationconcentration of blood due to prolonged application of a tourniquet (longer than 1 minute)EDTAEthylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid, Ties up Ca to prevent clotting of blood. Advantages: Excellent preserving of cells. Disadvantages: Dilution volume is important. Purple top vacutainer tube.vein patencyThe state of a vein being freely openarterya blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the bodyarteriolessmall arteries that connect to capillariesPKUphenylketonuria (disease due to lack of an enzyme in infants)veina blood vessel that carries blood back to the heartvenulessmall veins that drain blood from the capillaries and then join to form a veinvasodilationwidening of the blood vessels that allows for increased blood flowvasoconstrictionrapid constriction of the blood vessels to decrease blood flow to the areatunica mediamiddle layer of arteries and veinstunica adventitiaoutermost covering of arteries and veinstunica intimainnermost layer of arteries and veinsbuffy coata thin light colored layer of white blood cells and platelets than lie between a top layer of plasma and red blood cellshemogloblinprotein in the blood.(carries oxygen in the red blood cells)circulatory systemThe human body system that contains the heart, blood, and all of the blood vessels. It delivers all the nutrients to the cellsconduction systemelectrical impulses from nerves that stimulate contraction and relaxation of heartmorphologyexternal formreticulocyteimmature red blood cellwhole bloodblood which has had an anticoagulant added to itphlebitisinflammation of a vein, INFLAMMATION IN THE WALL OF A VEIN WITHOUT CLOT FORMATIONWBCwhite blood cellRBCred blood cellPLTPlateletsbone marrowa soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cellsserumliquid portion of the blood left after the clotting processplasmastraw-colored fluid that makes up about 55 percent of bloodosteomyelitisan inflammation of bone and bone marrow (usually caused by bacterial infection)coagualtionclotting after trauma to blood vesselsintrinsic(adj) belonging to someone or something by its very nature, essential, inherent; originating in a bodily organ or partextrinsicexternal; not essential or inherent; extraneousfibrin clot...peakshigh leveltroughsone of the places in a wave where the wave is lowest, or the disturbance is the greatest.TDMTherapeutic Drug Monitoring...Testing of drug levels at specific intervals to help establish a drug dosage, maintain the dosage at a therapeutic level, or avoid drug toxicity.aortaThe largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.ventriclesthe two lower chambers of the heart, and they pump blood out to the lungs and body.Hgbhemoglobincontusionan injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discolorationOPIMOther Potentially Infectious Materials are contaminated with blood or with body fluid that may contain blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and saliva. Also includes needles, suction equipment, soiled linens, dressings, and other care items & equipmentTQMtotal quality management, a concept that focuses on managing the total oranization to deliver quality to customerscommunicableSomething that can be passed from one person to anotherlipemicSerum/plasma that appears milky (cloudy white) or turbid due to high lipid content.FMCfoundation for medical care