Alex Huang - Genetics Quizlet Terms

Genetics
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Terms in this set (22)
Genetics
The scientific study of heredity
Image: Genetics
Heredity
Passing of traits from parents to offspring
Image: Heredity
Gregor Mendel
Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)
Image: Gregor Mendel
Meiosis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
Image: Meiosis
Gametes
sex cells
Image: Gametes
Fertilization
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
Image: Fertilization
Zygote
fertilized egg
Image: Zygote
Allele
Different forms of a gene
Image: Allele
dominant allele
An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
Image: dominant allele
recessive allele
An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
Image: recessive allele
HomozygousAn organism that has two identical alleles for a traitHeterozygousAn organism that has two different alleles for a traitGenotypegenetic makeup of an organismPhenotypeAn organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.Punnett SquareA chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic crosshomozygous dominantBoth alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and dominant (AA)homozygous recessiveBoth alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and recessive (aa)Probablitylikelihood that a particular event will occurincomplete dominanceSituation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another alleleCo-dominancesituation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organismpedigree chartA chart which shows several generations of related families and how traits are passed down through the offspring.CarrierA person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the phenotype.