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prev. and management exam 1

Terms in this set (77)

avulsion fracture
fracture in which ligament tears off part of the bone
ball and socket joint
glenohumeral joint
contusion
compression injury
ecchymosis
tissue discoloration
stress
resistance to a load
strain
deformation of tissue
stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon
-- eccentric muscle contraction
-- dynamic overload
comminuted fracture
three or more bone fragments
ligament
joins bone to bone
capsulitis
occurs from repeated joint sprains
myositis
inflammation of muscle tissue
hinge joint
elbow joint
DOMS
Muscle soreness after 2-3 days
spontaneous overuse fracture
stress fracture
tendon
joins muscle to bone
ligament strain
when an intact ligament is traumatically stretched
crepitus
crackling feeling or sound
muscle strain
muscle is overstretched by tension or forced to contract against too much resistance, separation or tearing of the muscle fibers occurs
inversion
approximately 85% of all ankle injuries result from force
Myostitis Ossificans
contusion repeatedly to the same area can cause small calcium deposits to accumulate
diastisis
technical name for a total disunion between two articulatory processes
common sites for stress fractures
tibia
fibula
ribs
type of forces that act on bone and/or soft tissue to cause injury
tension- sprain and strain
shearing- blisters
compression- direct blow
bending- broken bone
injury management options when dealing with an acute soft tissue injury
rest
ice
compression
elevation
etiology
mechanism of injury
micro trauma
multiple repeated trauma over time- inflammation- gradual overtime
macro trauma
fracture, contusion, acute, blood trauma- one insult, one traumatic incident
insidious
gradual onset- developed overtime
comorbity
medical history; there is something else going on that is unrelated to whatever their issue is- some other illness going on
congenital
born with it
sign
observed or objectively measured
ex- swelling, discoloration, deformity, bleeding, redness
symptom
subjective complain
cannot be directly observed
ex- complaints or perceptions of pain, nausea, altered sensation, fatigue
atrophy
decreased in size and shrink
hypertrophy
increase in size
laxity
clinical sign
looseness
instability
symptom
giving out
evaluation model
history
observation
palpation
history
ask open ended questions where you can get more information to figure out what happened- can figure out a lot of information from this
inspection
begin as soon as athlete is within view
- walking
- posture
- swelling/ecchymosis
- bilateral symmetry
etc
palpation
feeling, touching, fingers are doing the thinking- picturing, visualizing what is going on under the skin- anatomical landmarks-- see where pain begins and ends- protective mechanisms
Ligamentous Testing
application of a specific stress to test the integrity of isolated ligaments
mechanical injury
a force applied to any body part that results in a harmful disturbance in structure and/or function-- injuries are caused by external forces that result in internal tissue damage- tissue response to external load is determined by mechanical properties of tissue
physical stress theory
body tissue will respond- meaningful and predictable manner- duration and magnitude
homeostatic levels- atrophy- hypertrophy
compression
dead leg
tensile
tissue stretch or ligament strain
shearing
blister
musculoskeletal injuries
strains
tendinitis
myositis ossificans
bursitis
bony injuries
exostosis
apophystitis
fractures
joint injuries
sprains
subluxations
dislocations
synovitis
osteochondral defects
osteochondritis dessicans
arthritis
1st degree strain
overstretching and microtearing, no gross fiber disruption
mild pain and tenderness
full AROM and PROM
pain with resisted contraction
2nd degree strain
further stretching and partial tearing
immediate pain, localized tenderness, and disability
varying degrees of swelling, ecchymosis, decreased ROM and decreased strength
3rd degree strain
complete rupture
audible pop
immediate pain
loss of function and palpable defect
muscle hemorrhage and diffuse swelling
intenuate
stretch it out; not torn
tendinitis
microtrauma
tenosynovitis- more localized and crepitus more pronounced-- peritendinitis
grading is based on when symptoms occur
1st degree tendinitis
pain and slight dysfunction during activity
2nd degree tendinitis
results in decreased function and pain after activity
3rd degree tendinitis
constant pain that prohibits activity
tenosynovitis
tendon sheath around the joint getting inflamed
heterotopic ossificans
formation of bone within a muscle belly's fascia
etiology and common locations
fibroblasts begin to transform into osteoblasts and chondroblasts-- form of immature
calcifications appears on x-ray 3 weeks after injury
palpable mass and ROM concerns
bursitis
localized swelling
can result from trauma or infection
rest- ice- compression- elevation
1st degree sprain
mild overstretching, no disruption in tissue
mild pain and tenderness over ligament
little or no disability
pain at end range
no joint laxity
2nd degree sprain
further stretching and partial disruption of ligament
moderate to severe pain, tenderness
ecchymosis and rapid swelling
limited ROM and function
stress testing show varying degrees of joint instability-- still at end point
3rd degree sprain
complete disruption of ligament
instability
pop
immediate pain and disability
rapid swelling, ecchymosis and loss of function
stress testing reveal moderate to severe joint instability-- no end feel
worst of all
joint articulations
dislocation- luxation- severe stretching or complete
signs and symptoms-
-- immediate pain, rapid swelling,deformity, and loss of function
-- joint slipping or giving out
chronic joint instability
reduction
x-rays
subluxation
must suspect stretching and tearing of joint capsule and ligaments
history is important
-- apprehension response
osteochondral defects
fractures of a bone's articular cartilage
progressive softening of cartilage
severity based on depth of the defect
-- partial and full thickness
-- also depends on location
osteochondritis dessicans
dislodged fragments of bone within the joint space
-- stable or free floating
-- joint locking
exostosis
Wolff's law
extraneous bone growth
-- stress reaction
-- irregular force on bone
mechanical block
apophysitis
growing pains
inflammation of growth plate
muscle pulling away from bone
history of recent rapid growth spurt
-- lack of flexibility may contribute
comminuted
fracture fragments-- high velocity and lots of energy going through
greenstick
bending or splintering
linear
parallel with the bone
spiral
twisting rotational
oblique
diagonal
transverse
longitudinal fracture
evulsion fracture
ligament pulling away a piece of bone
stress fractures
nondescript initial findings
causes- recent change in workout, equipment, playing surfaces, frequency, intensity, duration, or intensity, amenorrheic women
epiphyseal injury
weak link- growth plate
salter- harris classification system
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