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Radiology Safety

Terms in this set (23)

Who governs the regulations regarding equipment and safety?
The State Department of Health
What are the dangers of radiation?
-causes generalized damage to bogy
-thyroid gland, intestinal epithelium, lens of eye are especially radiosensitive
-reproductive cells incur genetic damage that can affect future generations
What type of cells are most sensitive to radiation?
- Rapidly dividing cells (unborn, bone marrow, immature individuals)
How does damage occur?
Multiple small doses accumulated over a lifetime or a single massive dose
Somatic damage
damage that become manifest within the lifetime of the recipient
Genetic damage
occurs as a result of injury to the genes (DNA) affecting future generations
What is the main objective when using radiation
maximum amount of information with minimal exposure
Maximum Permissible Dose (MPD)
-Maximum dose of radiation a person may receive over a given period
-helps to determine if procedures and equipment are adequate to provide the degree of protection necessary to stay within the stated limit
Who defines the MPD
The National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP)
What is the MPD for occupationally exposed persons?
5 REM per year
What is the MPD for the general public?
1/10th the level for professionals
REM
Roentgen Equivalent Man
-used to express the dose equivalent that results from exposure to radiation
-Takes in account the quality of radiation
SV
Sievert
-Accounts for the fact that different tissues absorb radiation differently
-It is the dose of radiation equivalent to the absorbed dose in tissues
RAD
Radiation absorbed dose
-measured in Gray (Gy), (1Gy=100 RAD)
Dosimeter
Monitors exposure levels when working around radiation, measures the level of radiation exposed to the wearer
Dosimetry Bage
-Film badge, radiation sensitive to film
-Routinely sent to federally approved lab for evaluation
Where is dosimetry badge worn?
Facing outwards on neck of lead apron
Ways to minimize occupational exposure to x-rays
1. Lead Shielding - gowns, gloves, thyroid sheet (.5 mm) of lead, lead based glasses
2. Increase distance to the primary beam
3. Reduce exposure time - fast film,screen combination, proper technique chart, collimate beam down
How should safety equipment be stored
lay flat to prevent cracks
Ways radiation damages body
1. carcinogenic affects
2. genetic - occurring in future generations
3. Most sensitive to tissues rapidly growing or reproductive cells
4. hematopoietic (blood forming cells)
5. thyroid gland, intestinal epithelium, lens of eye
6. low level skin exposure - squamous cell carcinoma
7.
blood forming cells
hematopoietic
reddened dry skin
radiodermatitis
How to protect oneself from radiation
1. must be 18 to work area
2. pregnant women shouldn't be in room
3. wear dosimetry badge
4. wear lead shielding
5. increase distance to primary beam
6. reduce exposure time
7. follow state rules
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