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Drug Prefix/Suffix for NCLEX

Terms in this set (80)

-actone
potassium sparing diuretic
ex. aldactone
-afil
phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE inhibitor)
ex. sildenafil (Viagra)
-Tx of erectile dysfunction
**do not give with other vasodilating agents
-ase, -plase
anti-thrombolytic
ex. streptokinase
-clot buster tx. MI,DVT,PE
**maintain bedrest; contraindicated in clients w/ active internal bleeding; for MI give within 6h of onset; for CVA give 2-3h of onset; antidote is aminocaproic acid (Amicar)
-sone
Corticosteroid
-Decreases inflammation and normal immune response
Indications: Addisons, crohns, COPD, lupus, head trauma, prevent cerebral edema, myelomas
**dont stop suddenly, avoid grapefruit juice and limit caffeine, give with food in the AM to decrease gastric upset
May mask symptoms of infection
-azole
antifungal
ex. fluconazole (Diflucan)
AE: Flu like symptoms, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
Considerations: check hepatic function, small frequent meals, monitor CBC, LFT's, Cultures
-bicin -mycin
antineoplastic; cytotoxic agent
-Tx cancer
AE: HF, sepsis, alopecia, N/V, immunosuppression
-bital
barbiturate (sedative)
- used to treat or prevent seizures. It is also used short-term to treat insomnia, or as a sedative before surgery.
-caine
local anesthetic
cef-, ceph-
cephalosporin antibiotic
-anti infective
**report allergies to penicillin and observe for anaphylaxis
Monitor for thrombophlebitis
-cillin
penicillin antibiotic
-anti infective
**yeast infections may occur; observe for anaphylaxis
cort
corticosteroid
-decreases inflammation and immune response
**dont stop suddenly; avoid grapefruit juice and limit caffeine; give with food in AM to decrease gastric upset
-cycline
tertracycline antibiotic
-anti infective, bacterial infections
**avoid anti-acids and dairy products; use sunscreen and protective clothing; affects teeth (brown, speckled stain), avoid taking with food, don't take after expiration date!
-dazole
anthelmintic; antibiotic; antibacterial
-dipine
calcium channel blocker
-Tx HTN, angina and arrythmias
**take BP prior, take with meals or milk, contraindicated with heart block, no grapefruit juice (verapamil)
-dronate
biphosphonate; bone resorption inhibitor
-tx and prevention of osteoporosis
**take in the AM, 30 min before other medication of food and remain upright; engage in weight bearing activites
-prazole
proton pump inhibitor
-decreases stomach acid production
**give on empty stomach before meals, avoid alcohol, ASA, NSAIDS, smoking and caffeine
-fenac, -profen
NSAID
-decreases pain, fever and inflammation
**no alcohol, do not take with food, stop 5-7 days before surgey
-floxacin
fluroquinolone antibiotic
-anti infective, bacterial infections
**drink plently of fluids to prevent crystaluria; do not take antacids; use sunscreen; best if given on empty stomach
-gliptin
antidiabetic; inhibitor of DPP-4 enzyme
** G for Glucose
-glitazone
antidiabetic; thiazolidinedione
**G for Glucose
-ine
antihistamine
-tx allergies and anaphylaxis
**Take with food; eat candy if dry mouth occurs; eliminate alcohol
-mycin, -micin
aminoglycoside antibiotic; antibacterial
-anti infective
Indication: Severe systemic infections, tuberculosis
**report tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss; drink plenty of fluids; give when penicillin is contraindicated
-nazole
antifungal
-flucanazole
-olol
beta blocker
-Tx HTN
**assess pulse and BP prior; blood sugar is masked when low (hypoglycemia), bronchospasm (adverse affect)!
-oprazole
proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
-Decreases stomach acid production
**Give on empty stomach, avoid EtoH, ASA, NSAIDS
parin; -parin
antithrombotic; anticoagulant
-anticoagulant
**report unusual bleeding, soft toothbrush and electric razors, antidote is protamine sulfate
-phylline
xanthine derivative (bronchodilator)
AE: Tachy, dizziness
**IM injection painful, no coffee, tea or cola
-pramine
tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
AE: Anticholinergic, photosensitivity, orthostatic hypotension, bone marrow depression
**May give pm, avoid CNS depressant medications, don't stop abruptly
-pressin
antidiuretic
-reabsorb H20 into the kidneys (for DI, Vfib, shock)
**avoid alcohol ( it increases antidiuretic affect); daily weight
-pril
ACE inhibitor
-Tx HTN, CHF
**take as directed; always take BP prior; report chest pain immediately; don't take with food
-sartan
angiotension II receptor antagonist; ARB
-Tx HTN, CHF (when ACE inhibitors are not tolerated)
AE: orthostatic hypotension
**take as directed; no salt substitutes; take BP prior
-semide
Loop diuretic (water pill)
-diuretic
AE: hypotension
**diet increase K+; daily weight; take with or after meal in the AM; no smoking and alcohol
-setron
antiemetic and antinauseant
-prevents N/V
-statin
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; statins
-lowers cholesterol
**take as directed, no more than 1 qt of grapefruit juice a day; take with food and at bedtime; consume 2-3L of fluid daily; increase fiber; dont give to pts with liver disease
sulfa-
antibiotic; anti-infective; anti-inflammatory
-terol
beta agonist; bronchodilator
-bronchodilator; Tx COPD, asthma
**use before steroid inhalers; using with MAOI inhibitor may lead to HTN crisis; monitor for palpitations/arrythmias
-thiazide
thiazide diuretic (water pill)
**Give in the am, encourage K foods, monitor BUN & Creatinine
AE: Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypotension
-trel
female hormone (progestin)
-triptan
antimigraine; selective 5-HT receptor agonist
-tx of acute migraine headache
**use only during migraine; avoid alcohol (which agrivates migraines); report chest pain
-tyline
tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
-antidepressant
vir; -vir
antiviral; anti-HIV
ex. abacavir; efavirenz; enfuvirtide; nevirapine; ritonavir; tenofovir
Tx: Influenza a & b
**best if given within 2 days of infection
-zepam,
benzodiazepine
-tx of anxiety
**avoid grapefruit juice; no alcohol and other CNS depressants; older clients may have "hangover" effects in the AM, risk for fall
-zolam
benzodiazepine
-tx anxiety
**avoid grapefruit juice; no alcohol and other CNS depressants; older clients may have "hangover" effects in the AM, risk for fall
-zosin
alpha blocker (vasodilates)
-tx HTN; BPH, Raynauds
AE: nasal congestion, reflex tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension
**interacts with other hypertensives, administer at bedtime
Tropine
Anticholinergic
Blurred vision, tachy, dry mouth, mydriasis, urinary retention
*give before meals, used for parkinsons, taper, & used for bradycardia
Antidote for warfarin
Vitamin K, whole blood & plasma
Antidote for Heparin
Protamine sulfate within 30 minutes
Interactions with anticoagulants (G's)
1. Garlic
2. Ginger
3. Gingko
4. Ginseng
What food should you avoid while taking Monamine oxidase inhibitors?
Tyramine
Rapid acting insulin duration of action & onset?
Lispro, aspart
15-30 min onset
3-6 hour action
Short acting onset & duration?
Regular
30-60 min onset
6-10 hour action
Intermediate acting onset and duration?
NPH & detemir
1-2 hour onset
16 hour action
Very long acting insulin?
Lantus
3-4 hour onset
24 hour duration
Which antidiabetic is used when there's only some pancreas beta cell function?
Sulfonylureas (glipizide)
Common med and nursing consideration for antigout med?
Allopurinol
+monitor for kidney stones!
Common Antiparkinson drugs (dopa), AE & Considerations
Amantadine, carbidopa, levodopa
AE: Ataxia, psychosis, anemia, dizzy
***monitor output, avoid large doses of vitamin B, avoid CNS depressants
-Ridone
Antipsychotic
-first line choice, weight gain common, orthostatic hypotension
AE: Anticholinergic effects, tardive dyskinesia
Sign of atropine (antipsychotic) psychosis
Red as a beet, skin hot to touch w/out fever, flushed, altered mental status
sxs of neuroleptic malignant syndrome & implementation
Confusion
fever
muscle rigidity
diaphoresis
Implement: Control hyperthermia, hydration, dantroline (muscle relaxant), administer bromocriptine for CNS toxicity
Early signs of EPS
Tightening of jaw, stiff neck, swollen tongue
Late signs EPS
Swollen airway, oculogyric crisis (bilateral elevation of gaze)
Akathisia
Restlessness
tardive dyskinesia
Involuntary movements
Thyroid replacement medication example?
Levothyroxine
Consider: report chest pain, palpitations, sweating, nervousness, SOB to HCP
Rifampin indication & considerations
tx: Tuberculosis
**orange urine, tears and saliva normal, LFT's, can take with food
-Vudine
Antiviral
tx: HIV
**Strict compliance
Lithium Consideration and indication
Tx: Bipolar disorder
**take w/meals, normal blood target- 1-1.5, serum levels 2-3 times weekly checked when started (drawn in AM prior to dose), adequate fluid and salt intake
Sxs of intoxication-V/D, drowsy, muscular weakness, ataxia
Digoxin Considerations
tx: HF, dysrhythmias
**caution in renal failure w/ elderly, high foods in K food, take apical pulse 1 full min before administration
Serum level: 0.5-2!
-Tidine
H2 antagonist
**avoid antacids within 1 hour of dose, increased confusion and agitation with elderly
Medications that interfere with grapefruit juice
calcium channel blockers (dipine), verapamil, carbamazepine, buspirone, midazolam, sidenafil, praziquantel, tacrolimus, sirolimus, dextromethorphan, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, statins, caffeine
1 fluid oz= tbsp
2
1 tablespoon= mL?
15
1 teaspoon = mL? teaspoon?
5mL, 5 tsp
1 cup= mL? oz?
240 mL, 8 oz
Celcius to Farenheit equation
celsius x 9/5 + 32
Farenheit to Celsius
C= 5/9 (F-32)
1 gram = ____ milligrams
60
1 tsp = ? mL
5 mL
1 tbsp = ? mL
15 mL
1 oz = ___ mL
30 mL
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