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Chem Review Chapters 10 and 11

Terms in this set (77)

At dynamic equilibrium...
there are two opposing processes (dissolution and crystallization) occurring at equal rates
Dissolution is...
the process of dissolving, atoms are dissolved into liquid
Crystallization is..
the process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure
When dynamic equilibrium is reach, a solution is said to be...
saturated, meaning the maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved is dissolved within a solution
when dynamic equilibrium is reached
the concentration of a solute is the solubility of the solute
solutions containing less than the maximum amount of dissolved solute are said to be...
unsaturated, and are able to dissolve more solute
solutions containing more than the maximum amount of dissolved atoms are said to be...
supersaturated
Henry's law states that
the solubility of a gas in liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid
Henry's Law equation
S = kPgas (S1/P1 = S2/P2)
Colligative Properties
properties of a solution that depend only on the number of solute particles dissolved in a solvent, not the properties of the particles themselves
Colligative Properties include..
the lowering of vapor pressure, increase of boiling point (needs to be hotter)/freezing point depression (needs to be colder), and osmotic pressure (flow of water from low-high concentration solution through a semipermeable membrane)
Colligative Properties basically show that..
the more solute particles (of any type) present, the more intense of an effect on the solution property
Raoult's Law states that
the vapor pressure of the solvent is proportional (varies linearly) to the solvent's mole fraction in the solution
A solution which obeys Raoult's Law perfectly at all concentrations is called an...
ideal solution
In an ideal solution
the interactions between solute and solvent particles match those present in the pure solute and solvent (making enthalpy or delta H equal to zero)
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