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American Pageant Chapter 32

Terms in this set (34)

Warren G. Harding
Pres.1921 laissez-faire, little regard for government or presidency. "return to normalcy" after Wilson and his progressive ideals. Office became corrupt: allowed drinking in prohibition, had an affair, surrounded himself w/ cronies (used office for private gain). Died after 3 years in office, VP: Coolidge took over
Charles Evans Hughes
A reformist Republican governor of New York, who had gained fame as an investigator of malpractices by gas and insurance companies and by the coal trust. He later ran against Wilson in the 1916 election.
Herbert Hoover
1928; Republican; approach to economy known as voluntarism (avoid destroying individuality/self-reliance by government coercion of business); of course, in 1929 the stock market crashed; tried to fix it through creating the Emergency Relief and Construction Act and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (didn't really work)
Albert B. Fall
Secretary of the interior for Warren Harding, caused the Teapot Dome Scandal
Harry M. Daugherty
was an American politician. He is best known as a Republican Party boss, and member of the Ohio Gang, the name given to the group of advisers surrounding president Warren G. Harding.
Frank Kellogg
U.S Secretary of State in 1928 who is credited with arranging an international treaty that was designed to renounce war and promote peace
Charles R. Forbes
He skimmed money as chief of the Veterans Bureau. He and his crowd pilfered about $200 million while building veterans hospitals. He spent a whopping two years in jail.
Calvin Coolidge
(1923-1925) and (1925-1929), taciturn; small gov't conservative; laissez faire ideology; in favor of immigration restriction (Immigration Act); reduced the tax burden; the Bonus Bill was passed over his veto; Revenue Act of 1924; Kellogg-Briand Pact
John W. Davis
This Clarksburg native, who was the Democratic presidential nominee in 1924, represented the school systems in the historic U.S. Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education.
Robert La Follette
1855-1925. Progressive Wisconsin Senator and Governor. Staunch supporter of the Progressive movement, and vocal opponent of railroad trusts, bossism, WWI, and League of Nations.
Charles Dawes
An American banker and diplomat, he negotiated an agreement between France, Britain, and Germany that American banks would make loans to Germans which would enable them to meet their reparations payments
Douglas MacArthur
A General who commanded a broad offensive against the Japanese that would move north from Australia, through New Guinea, and eventually to the Philippines. Was tasked with taking down the Bonus Army.
Henry Stimson
Secretary of War during War World II who trained 12 million soldiers and airmen, the purchase and transportation to battlefields of 30 percent of the nation's industrial output and agreed to the building of the atomic bomb and the decision to use it.
Alfred Smith
First Catholic nominee for president, known as the "Common Man," elected to New York State Assembly in 1903, sought Democratic presidential nomination in 1924, ran as Democratic candidate in 1928. Ties with Tammany Hall.
"Ohio Gang"
A group of poker-playing, men that were friends of President Warren Harding. Harding appointed them to offices and they used their power to gain money for themselves. They were involved in scandals that ruined Harding's reputation even though he wasn't involved.
Adkins v. Children's Hospital
Declared unconstitutional a minimum wage law for women on the grounds that it denied women freedom of contract
steel strike of 1919
A work stoppage that began when some 365,000 steelworkers in Pennsylvania walked off the job to demand recognition of their union, higher wages, and shorter hours. Post-WWI strike, the greatest in American history, led by the AFL that eventually failed under the pressure of the Red Scare.
American Legion
World War I veterans' group that promoted patriotism and economic benefits for former servicemen
Washington Disarmament Conference
An international conference on the limitation of naval fleet construction begins in Washington. Under the leadership of the American Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes the representatives of the USA, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan pledge not to exceed the designated sizes of their respective naval fleets
Four-Power Treaty
1921. Treaty between the US, Great Britain, France, and Japan to maintain the status quo in the South Pacific, that no countries could seek further territorial gain.
Nine-Power Treaty
1922. Treaty that was essentially a reinvention of the Open Door Policy. All members to allow equal and fair trading rights with China. Signed by (9) US, Japan, China, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
1922 and 1930, raised tariffs extremely high on manufactured goods; benefited domestic manufacturers, but limited foreign trade
Teapot Dome Scandal
1929 - The Naval strategic oil reserve at Elk Hills, also known as "Tea Pot Dome" was taken out of the Navy's control and placed in the hands of the Department of the Interior, which leased the land to oil companies. Several Cabinet members received huge payments as bribes. Due to the investigation government officials Daugherty, Denky, and Fall were forced to resign.
McNary-Haugen Bill
A plan to rehabilitate American agriculture by raising the domestic prices of farm products *Effects of the protective tariff and burdens of debt and taxation had created a serious agricultural depression and grew steadily worse
Dawes Plan
A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success.
"Hoovercrats"
"Dry," Protestant southern Democrats who rebelled against their party's "wet," Catholic presidential nominee in 1928 and voted for the Republican candidate
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
charged a high tax for imports thereby leading to less trade between America and foreign countries along with some economic retaliation
Black Tuesday
October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of the Great Depression.
Muscle Shoals Bill
Hoover fights all schemes he regards as "socialistic". This was designed to dam the Tennessee River and was ultimately embraced by Franklin Roosevelt's Tennessee Valley Authority. (He thinks that it is suspiciously "socialistic"). Hoover vetoed this measure because he opposed the government's selling electricity in competition with its own citizens in private companies.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Agency established in 1932 to provide emergency relief to large businesses, insurance companies, and banks.
Norris-LaGuardia Act
(Hoover) attempt to improve the lot of the union worker. It outlawed Yellow Dog Contracts, banned federal courts from issuing injunctions against workers in non-violent strikes, and protected the right of workers to unionize
Bonus Army
1932 - Facing the financial crisis of the Depression, WW I veterans tried to pressure Congress to pay them their retirement bonuses early. Congress considered a bill authorizing immediate assurance of $2.4 billion, but it was not approved. Angry veterans marched on Washington, D.C., and Hoover called in the army to get the veterans out of there.
Stimson doctrine
1932, Hoover's Secretary of State said the US would not recognize territorial changes resulting from Japan's invasion of Manchuria
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