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Cardiac Test Review

Terms in this set (60)

Which blood pressures indicate hypertension? (Select all that apply.)
150/90 mm Hg
150/85 mm Hg
135/90 mm Hg
Which health problems can result from untreated hypertension? (Select all that apply.)
Kidney failure
Heart attack
Stroke
Which antihypertensive drug class causes the heart rate to slow and decreases the force of the heart's contraction?
Beta Blockers
Which antihypertensive drug class blocks the body's production of angiotensin II?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Which antihypertensive drug class blocks the effects of angiotensin II leading to increased vasodilation of arteries?
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
A patient who is taking lisinopril (Zestril), an ACE inhibitor, reports sudden onset of swelling of the eyes and lips. What should you do next?
Tell the patient to call 911 immediately.
Which antihypertensive drug class causes the force of the heart's contractions to decrease and the arteries to dilate?
Calcium channel blockers
A patient who is taking antihypertensive drugs asks why over-the-counter medications for colds, allergies, or appetite control are not allowed to be taken without checking with their prescriber. What is your best response?
"Many of those drugs contain ingredients that can increase your blood pressure."
A patient is scheduled for a cardiac stress test. Which class of drugs is the patient taking that may affect the results of this medical test?
Beta blockers
It is very important to regularly monitor the blood glucose of patients who have diabetes when they are taking which category of drugs?
Alpha-beta blockers
A patient reports difficulty having an erection and asks to be prescribed sildenafil (Viagra), which he saw advertised on television. You indicate that this is not a good idea because the patient is also taking which type of medication?
Alpha-blocking agents
Which comment by a patient who is prescribed transdermal clonidine (Catapres) requires immediate intervention?
"The little patch with the medicine won't stay on."
Before administering any type of antihypertensive drug to a patient, what must you always check first? (Select all that apply.)
Blood pressure
Heart rate
Complete drug list
A patient reports experiencing skin lesions and achy joints. This is of particular concern when it is revealed that the patient is taking which kind of antihypertensive drugs?
Calcium channel blockers
Which adverse reactions are specific to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors? (Select all that apply.)
Protein in the urine
Persistent dry cough
Which symptom is most likely a symptom of left heart failure?
Dyspnea, breathlessness
Which factors can increase cardiac output (CO)? (Select all that apply.)
Increased heart rate (HR)
Increased stroke volume (SV)
Which is the only real cure for a patient with heart failure?
Heart transplant
How does a beta blocker work to treat heart failure?
It blocks the effects of adrenaline on the heart.
When are vasodilators given to a patient with heart failure?
They are given when ACE inhibitors cannot be given.
Which actions are important to remember when administering nitroglycerin ointment to a patient? (Select all that apply.)
Wear gloves.
Use a special ruled paper.
Tape the special ruled paper in place.
A patient who has been taking a nitroglycerin patch for several days reports a headache. What should you advise this patient to do?
Take a mild headache pain reliever such as acetaminophen (Tylenol).
How does digoxin work in the body to treat heart failure?
It allows more time for the ventricle to fill.
Before administering a patient's dose of digoxin (Lanoxin), you assess an apical heart rate of 56. What should you do next?
Hold the medication.
A patient is concerned about forgetting to take the morning dose of digoxin (Lanoxin) and it is now lunchtime. What should you tell the patient?
"Take the dose now."
Which naturally occurring hormone is often given to help patients who have heart failure with shortness of breath and edema?
Nesiritide (Natrecor)
What life-threatening adverse effect must you watch for after administering nesiritide (Natrecor) to a patient?
Apnea
Which drugs for heart failure are typically ordered to decrease afterload in patients with heart failure? (Select all that apply.)
(ACE) inhibitors
Vasodilators
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
What points are important to teach patients who are taking potassium supplements? (Select all that apply.)
Take with food.
Avoid salt substitutes.
Call the prescriber if muscle twitching or weakness occurs.
Which are possible side effects of digoxin? (Select all that apply.)
Fatigue
Decreased appetite, or anorexia
Nausea and vomiting
Which cardiac pacemaker initiates a heart rate of 60-100 beats per minute?
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Which dysrhythmia will cause death within minutes if not corrected?
Ventricular fibrillation
Which methods help a person to accurately measure heart rate? (Select all that apply.)
Listen apically with a stethoscope.
Feel the radial artery with two fingers.
Count the beats for a full minute.
Use a clock or watch with a second hand.
Which interventions are most important before giving any antidysrhythmic drug? (Select all that apply.)
Obtaining a complete list of all medications the patient is taking.
Observing for a heart rate below 60 beats per minute.
Asking the monitor watcher to describe the patient's heart rhythm.
What is the effect of atropine (Atropine Sulfate) on the heart?
It treats symptomatic bradycardia.
Which common side effect is associated with atropine (Atropine Sulfate)?
Tachycardia
Which side effect is expected in 30% to 50% of all patients who take class Ia sodium channel blockers?
GI symptoms
What side effects or adverse effects are commonly associated with beta blockers? (Select all that apply.)
Bradycardia.
Weakness and drowsiness.
Difficulty breathing and wheezing.
Mental depression.
Which over-the-counter herbal supplement can cause decreased blood levels of quinidine (Quinidine Sulfate)?
St. John's wort
Which drug is the first-line drug that is given for ventricular tachycardia in an emergency?
Which drug is the first-line drug that is given for ventricular tachycardia in an emergency?
What important condition should you assess for before giving a patient propafenone (Rythmol)?
Bronchospasms
Which actions do beta blockers have on glucose in patients with diabetes? (Select all that apply.)
Decrease blood sugar levels.
Increase blood sugar levels.
Mask symptoms of hypoglycemia.
A patient who is taking amiodarone (Cordarone) should be instructed to contact their prescriber immediately if which symptom occurs?
Shortness of breath develops
How should adenosine (Adenocard) be effectively administered to a patient?
By rapid intravenous (IV) push
Patients taking calcium channel blockers should inform their prescriber if they become pregnant for what reason?
Poor bone development in the fetus can occur if the mother is taking calcium channel blockers.
In addition to the foods we eat, from where does our body get cholesterol?
Liver
Which health problems can be a result of chronic hyperlipidemia? (Select all that apply.)
Atherosclerosis.
Coronary artery disease.
Hypertension.
Stroke.
Which factors can cause hyperlipidemia? (Select all that apply.)
Poor diet.
Genetics.
Which important information is essential to teach all patients who are taking any lipid-lowering drug?
Make positive lifestyle changes.
Which symptom indicates an adverse effect that is specific to taking statins and should be reported immediately?
Brown urine
A patient who has recently become pregnant asks why she must stop taking her prescribed statin drugs. What is your best response?
"Fats are necessary in the development of the fetus."
Which class of lipid-lowering drugs may require a daily vitamin supplement to be taken along with them?
Bile acid sequestrants
Which statement made by a patient about when he or she takes prescribed colestipol (Colestid) granules indicates a need for further teaching?
"I take it along with breakfast and my morning medications."
Which lipid lowering medication can cause intestinal obstructions in children?
Cholestyramine (Questran)
A patient has been taking statin drugs for several months. Which adverse effects should the patient report to their prescriber immediately? (Select all that apply.)
General muscle soreness.
Yellowing of the skin.
Yellowing of the skin.
Which lipid-lowering drug class works directly on fats in the intestines?
Bile acid sequestrants
Which methods can reduce the flushing or hot flashes that are typically associated with nicotinic acid agents? (Select all that apply.)
Take an aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) 30 minutes before taking nicotinic acid.
Take nicotinic acid during or after meals.
Which cholesterol absorption inhibitor can be taken with statins, but at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after bile acid sequestrants?
Ezetimbe (Zetia)
Which instruction is important to teach patients who are taking the immediate-release form of niacin (Niacor)?
"Notify your surgeon or dentist that you are taking Niacor before any surgery or dental work."
Grapefruit juice should be avoided with which class of lipid-lowering drugs?
Fibrates
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