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Chap. 2 vocab.-APUSH

Terms in this set (50)

corporate colonies
operated by joint-stock companies, at least during the colonies early years (Jamestown)
royal colonies
were to be under the direct authority and rule of the king's government (Virginia after 1624)
proprietary colonies
(Maryland, Pennsylvania) under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king
Chesapeake colonies
(1632) the colonies King Charles I chartered on either side of the Chesapeake Bay
George Calvert (Lord Baltimore)
the man who was chartered Maryland
Cecil Calvert (also known as Lord Baltimore)
was passed control of Maryland in 1632 by his father George
Act of Toleration
(1649) the first colonial statute granting religious freedom to all Christians (Maryland)
Virginia
the first of England's colonies
Sir William Berkeley
royal governor of VA, adopted policies that favored the large planters, and used dictatorial powers to govern on their behalf
Bacon's Rebellion
an impoverished farmer who led a rebellion against Berkeley's government. Raised an army of volunteers and in 1676 conducted a series of raids and massacres against Indian villages on the VA frontier
indentured servant
under contract with their masters (who paid for their passage); agreed to work for a specific amount of time in return for room and board
headright system
VA offered 60 acres of land to (1) each immigrant who paid for his own passage, (2) any plantation owner who payed for an immigrant's passage
slavery
work done under harsh conditions for little or no pay
Roger Williams
a Puritan minister who was banished from Bay Colony for his beliefs but who preceded to found Providence in 1636
Providence
(colony founded by Roger Williams in 1636) recognized Native Americans' rights and paid them for use of their land, and government provided complete religious toleration.
Anne Hutchinson
banished from Bay Colony; founded colony of Portsmith in 1638 with small group of followers
antinomianism
Anne Hutchinson believed in this, the idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation
Rhode Island
the charter Roger Williams was granted in 1644 by English Parliament joined together Portsmith and Providence into a single colony; this colony served as a refuge for people of various faiths b/c of its religious toleration
Thomas Hooker
led a large group of Boston Puritans into the valley and founded the colony of Hartford in 1636
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
(1639) established a representative government consisting of a legislature elected by a popular vote and a governor chosen by that legislature
John Davenport
started a second settlement South of Hartford in the CT valley in 1637--New Haven
Connecticut
in 1655, New Haven joined with the more democratic Hartford settlers to form this colony
New Hampshire
last colony to be founded in New England, consisted of a few settlements North of Boston
halfway covenant
people could now take part in church services and activities without making a formal declaration of their total belief in Christ
New England Confederation
four New England colonies formed this military alliance to fend off the Native Americans, the Dutch, and the French in case of an attack
Wampanoags
chief of this tribe, King Philip, united many tribes in Southern New England against English settlers
King Philip's War
(1675-1676) thousands of both sides were killed, dozens of towns and villages were burned. English settlers prevailed and virtually ended Native American resistance in New England (King Philip was killed)
Restoration Colonies
New American colonies founded in the late 17th century during a period in English history known as Restoration
the Carolinas
founded in 1663 by eight nobles who Charles II granted a tract of land to
rice plantations
resembled the economy and culture of the West Indies (soon transferred to the South Carolina)
tobacco farms
the main crop of North Carolina
New York
founded in 1664 by the Duke of York , took control of Dutch colony and renamed it this, Dutch settlers were treated well
New Jersey
In 1664 James gave section of land located between the Hudson River and the Delaware Bay to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. (became this colony)
Pennsylvania
founded by William Penn in 1681, name means "Penn's woods"
Quakers
"religious society of friends," believed in the equality of all men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service.
William Penn
young convert to Quaker faith, received large payment that was owed to his father which he used to found Pennsylvania
holy experiment
Penn wanted to test ideas he had developed based on Quaker beliefs
Frame of Government
(1682-1683) guaranteed a representative assembly elected by landowners and a written Constitution
Charter of Liberties
1701, guaranteed freedom of worship for all, and unrestricted immigration
Delaware
1702, Penn granted lower three counties of Pennsylvania their own assembly, thus creating this colony
Georgia
1732, last of British colonies in the New World
James Oglethorpe
founded Georgia's first settlement, Savannah, in 1733
mercantilism
economic policy which looked upon trade, colonies, and the accumulation of wealth as the basis for a country's military and political strength
Navigation Acts
established three rules for colonial trade (see pg. 32 in Amsco for these)
Dominion of New England
When James the II combined the colonies into larger administrative units and did away with their representative assemblies.
Sir Edmund Andros
sent from England to serve as governor of Dominion. Made himself instantly unpopular by levying taxes, limiting town meeting, and revoking land titles
Glorious Revolution
1688, succeeded in deposing James and replacing him with William and Mary
triangular trade
the three part trade route that merchant ships followed during the slave trade
slave trade
began this because in need of dependable work force, and these people are very cheap labor
Middle Passage
the second stop of the triangular trade, horrendous for slaves who had to experience it
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