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Cardiovascular System

Terms in this set (89)

A ___ system of the heart and blood vessels
closed
The ___ pumps blood
heart
Blood vessels allow blood to ___ to all parts of the body
circulate
The functions of the cardiovascular system --
To deliver ___ and ___ to cells and tissues
To remove ___ and other ____ from cells and tissues
oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, waste products
Heart location ---
___ beteween the ___ in the inferior mediastinum
thorax, lungs
Pointed ___ directed toward left hip
apex
___ points toward the right shoulder
base
the heart is about the size of your ___
fist
___ - a double-walled sac
pericardium
___ pericardium is loose and superficial
fibrous
serous membrane is ___ to the fibrous pericardium and composed of ___ layers
deep, 2
What are the two layers of serous membranes?
visceral and parietal
Visceral; next to heart, also known as the ___
epicardium
Parietal; outside layer that lines the ___ surface of the fibrous pericardium
inner
Serous ___ fills the space between the layers of pericardium
fluid
Three layers of the heart wall:
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Epicardium is the ___ layer, also known as the ___ pericardium, made up of ___ tissue
outside, visceral, connective
Myocardium is the ___ layer, mostly cardiac ___
middle, muscle
Endocardium is the ___ layer, made of ___
inner, endothelium
Right and left side act as ___ pumps
separate
How many chambers?
4
Atria are the ___ chambers
receiving
What are the two atria?
right and left atrium
Ventricles are the ___ chambers
discharging
What are the two ventricles?
right and left ventricle
___septum separates the two ventricles
interventricular
___ septum separates the two atria
interatrial
___ Circulation is where blood flows from the left side of the heart through the body tissues and back to the right side
Systemic
___ circulation blood flows from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart
pulmonary
Valves allow blood to flow in only ___ direction to prevent backflow
one
How many valves are there?
4
___ (AV) valves are between atria and ventricles
atrioventricular
___ (mitral) valve is on the left side of the heart
bicuspid
___ valve is on the right side of the heart
tricuspid
___ valve is between ventricle and artery
semilunar
What are the two types of semilunar valves?
pulmonary, aortic
AV valves are anchored in place by ___
chordae tendinae
AV valves ___ during heart ___ and ___ during ___contraction
open, relaxation, close, ventricular
Semilunar valves are ___ during heart ___ but open during ventricular ___
closed, relaxation, contraction
Valves operate ___ of one another to force a ___ path of blood through the heart
opposite, one-way
Blood in the heart chambers does ___ nourish the myocardium
not
The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system consisting of what?
coronary arteries, cardiac veins, coronary sinus
___ arteries -- branch from the aorta to supply the heart muscle with ___ blood
coronary, oxygenated
___ veins - drain the myocardium of blood
cardiac
___ sinus - a large vein on the posterior of the heart, receives blood from cardiac veins
coronary
Blood empties into the ___ atrium via the coronary sinus
right
Aorta leaves ___ ventricle
left
Pulmonary arteries leave ___ ventricle
right
Two types of veins:
superior and inferior venae cavae, pulmonary veins
superior and inferior venae cavae enter ___ atrium
right
Pulmonary veins enter ___ atrium
left
How many pulmonary veins are there?
4
Superior and inferior ___ dump blood into the ___ atrium
vena cavae, right
From right atrium, through the ___ valve, blood travels to the right___
tricuspid, ventricle
From the right ventricle, blood leaves the heart as it passes through the ___ semilunar valve into the ___ trunk
pulmonary, pulmonary
Pulmonary trunk splits into right and left pulmonary arteries that carry blood to the ___
lungs
___ is picked up and ___ is dropped off by blood in the lungs
Oxygen, carbon dioxide
___-rich blood returns to the heart through the ___ pulmonary veins
oxygen, 4
Blood enters the ___ atrium and travels through the ___ valve into the left ___
left, bicuspid, left
From the ___ ventricle, blood leaves the heart via the ___ semilunar valve and ___
left, aortic, aorta
Intrinsic conduction system is also known as the -__ ssystem
nodal
In the intrinsic conduction system, heart muscle cells ____, without nerve ____, in a continuous way
contract, impulses
___ (SA node) is in the ____
Sinoatrial node, right atrium
______ (AV node) is at the junction of the ___ and ___
Atrioventricular node, atria, ventricles
____ (AV bundle) is in the ____
Atrioventricular bundle, interventricular septum
____ branches are in the interventricular septum
Bundle
___ fibers spread within the ventricle wall muscles
Purkinje
Contraction is initiated by the ___
sinoatrial node
Sequential stimulations occurs at other ____ cells
autorhythmic
Heart contractions force muscle depolarization in one direction -- from ___ to ___
atria, ventricles
Once SA node starts the heartbead, impulse spreads to the ___ node, then the ___ contract
AV, atria
At the ___ node, the impulse passes through the AV ___, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers
AV, bundle
Blood is ejected from the ventricles to the ___ and pulmonary trunk as the ventricles contract
aorta
Homeostatic imbalances: ___ block and ___
heart, ischemia
heart block --- damaged AV ndoe releases them from control of the ____ node; results in a ___ heart rate as ventricles contract at their own rate
SA, slower
Ischemia - lack of adequate ___ supply to heart muscle
oxygen
____ - events of one complete heart beat
cardiac cycle
___diastole - pressure in heart is ___; blood flows from passively into the ___ and into ventricles; semilunar valves are ___, atrioventricular valves are ___, atria contract and force blood into ___
mid-to-late, low, atria, closed, open, ventricles
____ systole-- blood pressure ___ before ventricle contracts, atrioventricular valves ___ causes first heart sound "lub"; semilunar valves open as blood pushes against them; blood travels out of the ventricles through the ___ and aorta, atria are relaxed
ventricular, builds, close, pulmonary trunk
___ diastole -- at the end of systole, all four ___ are briefly closed at the same time, second heart sound is heard as ___ close, causing "dup" sound, atria finish ___ as prssure in the heart drops, ventricular pressure is low, atrioventircular valves ___
early, valves, semilunar valves, refilling, open
_____ (CO) -- amount of blood ___ by each side of the heart in one ____
Cardiac output, pumped, minute
_____ (SV) - volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one ___
Stroke volume, contraction
About ____ of blood is pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat
70 mL
_____ (HR) - typically ___ beats per minute
Heart rate, 75
CO = __ x ___
HR, SV
CO = HR (__beats/min) x SV (___mL/beat) = 5250 mL/min
75, 70
Changing ____ is the most common way to change cardiac output
heart rate
Increased heart rate is the ___ nervous system involving crisis, ___ blood pressure, hormones, exercise, ___ blood volume
sympathetic, low, decreased
Decreased heart rate is in the ____ nervous system involving __ blood pressure or blood volume, decreased ___ reutrn
Parasympathetic, high, venous
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