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History Midterm

Terms in this set (39)

Louis XIV (1640-1750)
most well known absolute monarch king (versailles, foreign conquests, wanted to keep power from nobles), had all the power to himself and tax people, has monopoly on force (military). His reign was during the Old Regime and used the divine right of kings as an excuse to do what we wanted. He built the Versailles.
Divine Right of Kings
Power given by God (blessed) given to royalty to rule. The king is king b/c he is representing god, which makes the church support him and everyone else. During this time everyone was religious, so they didn't question this concept. The challenge of the Enlightenment (natural rights) challenges this idea, but difficult at first because everyone is religious
Society of Orders
divided into three estates; the first contained all clergy and didn't have to pay taxes b/c they supported the divine right of kings. The second contained nobility (status is passed down by blood/birth, their family helped the king conquer lands). The third consisted of other classes and individuals such as peasants, merchants, lawyers, artisans and industrial workers etc and payed the most taxes. (Those who weren't noble but had money began the French Revolution not the peasants.)
Estates General (1789)
A meeting of the legislative body pre revolution at Paris w/ representatives from each of the 3 estates (300p- 1st, 300p- 2nd, 600p- 3rd), to talk about everyone's willingness to pay taxes because King Louis XIV wants to raise taxes, in order to pay the debt of the funding the 7 year war and American Revolution (to beat the british). As well as, discussing the favor of replacing absolutism with a constitutional monarchy in which laws and taxes would require the consent of the Estates General. Due to being unable to agree on voting procedures, this lead to the French Revolution.
National Assembly (1789-1791)
First revolutionary legislature, made mostly of people from 3rd estate w/ a few from clergy and nobility. Started b/c they were kicked out of the third estates general due to not agreeing on voting procedures. Third estate wanted a vote per person, rather than estates b/c then they would get taxed on the most and lose every time. Beginning of the French Revolution.
Rights of Man
The French bill of rights that state the rights held to be justifiably belonging to any person; human rights. This paper explains a list of rights, such as freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly and separation of powers.This is a phase of the liberal phase
Civil Constitution
an attempt to reform and regulate the catholic church in France. It requires bishops and clergy to swear oath of loyalty to the state and not the king. This makes them employees, rather than them incharge of the people. If they did not agree they lost their position in the church.
The Terror
the 2nd revolution that was much more violent, with multiple deaths done by the guillotine to kill those against the revolution. Lead by Robespierre and his Committee of P Safe. (Those who were against the revolution used this as an example of proof of why the revolution was bad b/c it brought terror and ciaos)
Flight to Varennes
Louis XVI (16th) flees to here, in disguise as commoners w/ his fam. They stop in the town of Varennes due to the horses being tired and get arrested (1791). They attempted to flee Paris in order to partner up w/ Austria, who have a monarch and is the birthplace of Marie montenit, to stop revolution b/c don't want revolts to occur elsewhere
Robespierre
A lawyer who helped lead the French Revolution and the mastermind of the terror, who presented the third estate advocating for basic human rights for all
Saint Domingue (Haiti)
where the Haiti's (slave) Revolution was, it is a French colony plantation (and sugar) that is very profitable; rebellion begins 1791 attacking plantations and their owners. It creates the first black republic. This lead to the abolish of slavery (1794) to have haitians still be part of the French government to help them fight wars
Cottage System
Before the Industrial Revolution, the production of goods in a home rather than in a factory in small quantities done by using hand tools or simple machinery and at their own pace. At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, it was then push to extinction in order to have a more efficient mass production of good and making them cheaper and faster. This resulted in to workers working in more dangerous, difficult and structured work environments
Enclosure
seared of laws passed in England in the 17th century concerning land ownership, leads to agricultural revolution
Agricultural Revolution
introduced new farming techniques and improved livestock breeding leading to an increase of food production. This also allowed an increase in population
Greenwich Mean Time
universal time; a single time zone setting the baseline for the rest of the world. Before this, people went defined time through sunlight and the church. There was no point to having a time set b/c there was no need for someone to be a certain place and a certain time, until the Industrial Revolution grew
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