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NUTR 295 Test 1: Chap 3

Terms in this set (46)

21st century healthcare setting
-Work together as a group or team
-More cost effective
-"Multidisciplinary" - collection of several disciplines either similar or diverse in nature.
Multidisciplinary healthcare team -
•Different healthcare professionals, including dietitians
•Specialized skills and expertise
•Make treatment recommendations that facilitate quality patient care.
•Valued member →skilled in more than one area
•Dietitians need to be multi-skilled. (doesn't mean that you need to come out and be a registered nurse too etc, but maybe you're computer savvy and you can be instrumental in marketing. Or maybe you're bilingual!
Many healthcare team members are described as "allied health":
of the most complex and sophisticated in the world.
"Allied"
- associated, connected, linked
Allied health (textbook definition)
- describe a cluster of roles in the healthcare system that assist, facilitate, and complement the work of physicians, nurses, and pharmacists.
Allied health professionals (The Association of Schools of Allied Health Professionals)
"involved with the delivery of health or related services pertaining to the identification, evaluation and prevention of diseases and disorders; dietary and nutrition services; rehabilitation and health systems management, among others."
needs
Members of a healthcare team can vary depending on the _____ of the patient. The ______ of the patient will determine who is on their health care team.
Example:
Adolescent dealing with an eating disorder: physician (typically the leader of the team), dietitian, psychologist or psychiatrist, nurse, licensed social worker (working with the immediate/patient and then also the parents), licensed counselor.
Concept emerged after WWII →
-Remember, the ADA came about because of WWI!
-Increased social awareness
-Higher healthcare expectations
-Disabled veterans trying to transition back into their communities and workforce.
Led to a change in patient care →
-Collaborative effort: sharing of responsibilities in the evaluation and subsequent care of a patient.
-Other professionals assisted the physician and nurse with patient care.
-No longer was the care left solely up to the physician or nurse!! As a group we will all work together to improve the life of this patient.
Group
- two or more individuals interacting which subsequently each individual is influenced by the relationship.
Team
- small group of individuals with complementary skills, that interacts with a common purpose, has specific performance goals, and holds themselves mutually accountable
Two distinguishing characteristics that make a team different from a group:
-A team is collectively responsible for producing specific results
-A team is fully aware of the importance of each of its members in producing specific results.
Teamwork:
-Cooperative effort by the members of the team to achieve a common goal, i.e. meeting the needs of the patient or client.
-The patient/client is also a member of the team! You have to include them in your communications. If you didn't include them in the team, how would you expect them to be involved in the activities (such as PT etc) that they need to get better?
-Physician takes the role of the "leader"
-Team members vary—depends on the needs of the patient.
roles
Members have to understand their _____ for a team to function effectively.

______ are based on what each member provides with regard to their specialties as well as ______ that are shared amongst the team members.
Delegated functioning:
each member functioning independently in their area of expertise.
Example: A patient with multiple complications that are related to weight is about to be discharged from the hospital. More one on one! Dietitian and client.
Collaborative functioning:
overlap and sharing of responsibilities in the evaluation of a patient/client and the implementation of a plan.
Example: Now it is the whole team! Physician, dietitian, exercise physiologist and other healthcare members → would be involved in the implementation of a weight loss program.
Fundamentals of Team Dynamics
•Four dimensions of a team:
1. Consist of a small number of people.
2. Members should have complementary skills.
3. Members must be in general consensus (agreement) as to why the team exists and its importance.
4. Members hold each other accountable whether it is for individual contributions based on field of expertise or the collaborative end result.
Formal teams:
-Healthcare team is a "formal" team. Why are they not informal?
Gathering together for friendship and socialization...
-They are highly structured Members are often assigned based on their specialties and the needs of the team.
-Leaders are designated. They guide the team members in obtaining specific performance goals
-Yet, each team member shares leadership responsibilities at times. This is required for the specific performance goals to be met in a timely and effective fashion.
attractiveness and cohesiveness.
Commitment to a team hinges on two factors:
Attractiveness ("outside looking in" view)
-How is the "team" perceived from an outside point of view?
- Are roles thought to be well-defined?
-Are the demands put on the members thought to be fair and appropriate?
-Is the team's image favorable?
-Is the team perceived as making a valuable contribution?
Cohesiveness ("inside looking out" view)
-How well do the members of the team work together?
-Does the team function as a unit as a result of the roles being well-defined?
-Does the team stay focused and is driven by the goals to be met?
-Or is the team influenced by outside forces?
-Is a member's opinion respected even though it is not the consensus?
Role:
-Socially determined prescription for behavior in a specific position.
-A function or position
-One more in an organization
-Key to success: roles are effectively & efficiently carried out by all members/employees
-Well-defined roles=PRODUCTIVE TEAM
Norms:
-Broader in scope than individual roles
-General standards of conduct that help an individual judge what is right or wrong.

-Can figure out norms through observations etc!
Norms need to be established for the following reasons:
-Helps to give the team an identity.
-Helps to ensure that the team continues to flourish
-Helps the team establish reasonable expectations of its members.
- Helps to protect individual members from embarrassment and disgrace
Characteristics of an effective, mature team:
-Team members recognize their strengths/weaknesses
-Individual differences are accepted
-Authority and interpersonal relationships have developed and are recognized by the team
-Team decisions are made through rational discussion
-Any conflict that arises is to be related to meeting the specific goals of the team with emotional conflict regarding team dynamics being minimum
-All members are aware of their roles within the team as well as the processes that govern the actions of the team (protocols, procedures, etc.)
Communication
- "the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, or writing." (The American Heritage Dictionary)
Communication requires the following:
"Sender" → "Message" → "Receiver" (recipient of the message)
-You need to have all three!
Effective communication
- successful transfer of information, meaning, and understanding from a sender to a receiver.
Oral communication
-Involves the spoken word
Examples: face-to-face, telephone conversation, can be in the form of a speech, presentation, or video, radio broadcast, television broadcast, Skype, etc.
-How it is conveyed can have an affect on how the message is received
-Advantages: take less time & instant feedback
Written communication
-Involves the written work and /or use of symbols & signs to communicate
-Examples: a letter, memo, email, report, manual, contracts, brochure, posters, charts, advertisements, a sign/symbol, an icon, a picture, etc.
-What can have an effect on how a message is delivered & received?
Vocabulary, grammar, writing style, cultural understandings of signs/symbols etc. Can have an effect on how a message is delivered and received
-Constructed over a longer period of time.
-Oral communication takes place in "real" time
-Advantages: edited & revised, serve as a record, & may improve the receivers understanding of the message.
Nonverbal communication
-Involves the sending or receiving of a wordless message
-Examples: tone of voice, body language, posture, facial expressions, gesturing or mannerisms, touch, eye contact, appearance of the sender (clothing, hair, make-up, neatness, etc.), and the setting to which the message was being delivered (noise level, size, décor, & lighting in a room for example).
-The delivery and interpretation for the message can be aided/hindered by nonverbal cues
Improving Communication
-Addressing the barriers to good communication.
-Sender needs to make sure that what is being conveyed verbally is supported by any nonverbal body language body language.
-Important to remember that communication is a "2-way" process.
-Receiver needs the opportunity to provide feedback.
-A message may be communicated and received better when done face-to-face, which allows for immediate feedback (verbal or nonverbal).
People-related factors
trust, work satisfaction, job stability, good communication, and low unresolved conflict & power struggle.
Organization
related factors: organizational stability, job stability, organization has a clear mission, and management is employee-geared.
Task-related factors
clear objectives and plans; appropriate leadership; professionally challenging; allows for independence; personnel involved are competent; personal acknowledgement; all team members are involved in the process.
Six ways to build trust
-Communication
-Support
-Respect
-Fairness
-Predictability
-Confidence
Trust
- is a people-related factor.
-belief in the integrity, character, and ability of others.
Dietitians in business
- food manufacturing, product development, grocery chains, marketing, journalist, entrepreneurs (sell a product or service), etc.
Clinical dietitians
- part of a healthcare team and help with the assessment, development, and implementation of a suitable diet plan; work in healthcare setting (hospital, nursing home/extended care facility, doctor's office, health maintenance organization, etc.); specialized in one practice area; and some have administrative responsibilities as well.
Community dietitians
teach, monitor, and advise individuals, families, and groups in the public about nutrition & promote good health & disease prevention. Work in federal, state, & local governments (WIC & Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program through Virginia Cooperative Extension for example), non-profit organizations (American Diabetes Association), food businesses and associations (American Dairy Association and Dairy Council for example), international organizations (Peace Corp for example), etc.
Consultant dietitians
self-employed in a private practice or under contract by 1 or more healthcare facilities; responsibilities can vary from nutrition assessment to counseling on weight loss to food safety to foodservice management.
Management dietitians
- dietitians with titles such as manager, director, or administrator in a variety of settings
Research dietitians
individual or collaborative; work for the government, companies in the private sector, academic medical facilities, and educational institutions.
Community dietitians
- teach, monitor, and advise individuals, families, and groups in the public about nutrition & promote good health & disease prevention. Work in federal, state, & local governments (WIC & Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program through Virginia Cooperative Extension for example), non-profit organizations (American Diabetes Association), food businesses and associations (American Dairy Association and Dairy Council for example), international organizations (Peace Corp for example), etc.
Consultant dietitians
self-employed in a private practice or under contract by 1 or more healthcare facilities; responsibilities can vary from nutrition assessment to counseling on weight loss to food safety to foodservice management.
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