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Scholasticism

Terms in this set (20)

credo ut intelligam
understanding comes only through belief
"Reason is the greatest enemy that faith has..."
Martin Luther (NOT King)
Philosophy, science and art were all under ____'s control
Roman Catholic Church's control
St. Augustine
(350-430 AD) fused Christianity w/ Plato's Philosophy; City of God aka Realm of Perfect Forms; nothing gained from study of nature; all that mattered was prep. for next life
St. Thomas Aquinas
(middle ages) christianize Aristotle; Dominican; vast philosophical work; faith+reason=truth; are harmonious realms, both are gifts from God but reason has autonomy of its own
Neo-Platonist Christians
everything of life was shadow of truth; suffering was transient; only soul was real and returning to heaven; had rules for living
scholasticism
conjunction of faith and reason; use of reason to deepen the understanding of beliefs thru faith and ultimately give a rational content to faith; applying reason to faith
the Golden Age
1. growth of universities (esp. Paris & Oxford); 2. intro of Aristotle to the West; systematic thought, organized research, analysis
Aristotle's Techniques
explained examined nature and cosmos to arrive at infallible truths; revolutionary because nature could be systematized so as to make it open to syllogistic analysis
Problems for Church
use of logic, empirical observation to investigate nature, study of nature open to everyone
Proofs of Existence of God
motion, causality, 1st cause, must be something bigger/smarter than everything else, intelligent design
Summa Theologica
reconciled the dual modes of thought by approving a double standard; areas of truth related to relegation and to natural world
Mathematical Rationalism/Things God Can't Do
change Himself, forget anything, commit sins, make the sum of the internal angles of a triangle add up to more than two right angles
William Ockham
(1300-1349) Opposed Tom Aquinas and Doctrine of 2 Truths; only real things are singular entities; universals do not exist; nature is only stuff & reason lets us encounter them; nothing deduced about things is valid esp. faith therefore faith & reason have nothing in common
humanism
belief in the power of human reason to know the truths of nature and the capacity of the human spirit to know what is good for human beings
Effects of Humanism
emphasized the most positive aspects of humanity; rational thought and creative instinct were prized; we were free to pursue our own path
New View of Truth
(Renaissance) human reason has the power to know the truth of reality (NOT scholastic view)
2 elements of the new science
empirical and rational
empirical view
element of new science; use of sensory observation and experimentation
rational element
element of new science; use of mathematics and deductive reasoning
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