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Biochemistry exam 2

Terms in this set (35)

Basic principles govern energy manipulations in cells:
1) Molecules are degraded or synthesized stepwise in a series of
reactions termed metabolic pathways
2) ATP is the energy currency of life
3) ATP can be formed by the oxidation of carbon fuels
4) Metabolic pathways are highly regulated
Oxidizing agent (oxidant)
accepts electrons, is reduced
Reducing agent (reductant) -
donates electrons, is oxidized
Oxidation reactions tend to
release energy
Water-soluble electron carriers
NAD
(
Nicotinamide
Adenine
Dinucleotide)
NADP
(
Nicotinamide
Adenine
Dinucleotide
Phosphate)
FAD
(
Flavin
Adenine
Dinucleotide)
NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) and NADP
(Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate) are
coenzymes derived from:
the vitamin niacin (vitamin B3)
Niacin deficiency causes the human disease:
pellagra ("rough
skin"), a disease marked by dermatitis, gastrointestinal
disorders, mental disturbance, and memory loss
When NAD+ (or NADP+) accepts two electrons and one proton (H+),
it is reduced to NADH (or NADPH)
Both _____ & _______ can accept 2
electrons, serving as oxidants in
metabolic reactions
NAD
+ and NADP
+
_______ & _______ are the coenzymes of many
oxidoreductases (the enzymes that catalyze
oxidation-reduction reactions)
NAD and NADP
_______ generally serves as energy metabolism cofactor for most
dehydrogenases (removing two hydrogen atoms from their
substrates)
NAD
_______ generally serves as biosynthetic process cofactor for
most reductases
NADP
________ is a coenzyme derived from
riboflavin (Vitamin B
2)
FAD (
Flavin
Adenine
Dinucleotide)
____________ measures the tendency of a chemical
to be reduced by electrons
Reduction potential (E)
Reduction potential is measured in _______ or _______
volts, or millivolts
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