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Psych 355 Chp 4

Terms in this set (35)

within the 1st 5 months of growth what happens to the baby's weight?
it doubles
cephalocaudal development
Development that occurs from the top of the head down to the extremities.
proximodistal development
Pattern of development that occurs from the body core to the extremities.
when does the first tooth appear?
between 5-9 months
What factors influence breastfeeding?
paid maternity leave
income level and education
cultural factors
What are the benefits for the infant from breastfeeding?
- easier to digest than formula
- disease/ infection protection
- reduction in SIDS, allergies, obesity and childhood cancer
What are the benefits for the mother from breastfeeding?
- return to per-pregnancy weight
- triggers release of Oxycontin
- strengthening bones
- lower rates of diabetes, depression, cardiovascular disease and ovarian breast cancer
When are solids introduced to infants?
around 4-6 months
Marasmus
A disease of severe protein-calorie malnutrition during early infancy, in which growth stops, body tissues waste away, and the infant eventually dies.
Kwashiorkor
A disease of chronic malnutrition during childhood, in which a protein deficiency makes the child more vulnerable to other diseases, such as measles, diarrhea, and influenza.
failure to thrive
a condition in which infants become malnourished and fail to grow or gain weight for no obvious medical reason
dendrite
Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.
Axon
the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands
Synapse
the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
What are the 2 brain processes in development?
Synaptogenesis
Myelination
Synaptogenesis
formation of new synapses
myelination
the process by which axons become coated with myelin, a fatty substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron
synaptic pruning
a process whereby the synaptic connections in the brain that are used are preserved, and those that are not used are lost
fine motor skills
physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers, such as drawing and picking up a coin
Sucking
Is stimulated when something is put into baby's mouth
babkin reflex
The infant's mouth opens when the palms of both hands are pressed
stepping reflex
Reflex that causes newborn babies to make little stepping motions if they are held upright with their feet just touching a surface
grasping reflex
Reflex that causes a newborn to grasp vigorously any object touching the palm or fingers or placed in the hand
Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)
with head turned to one side, arm and leg on face side are extended and arm and leg on scalp side are flexed. this reflex could interfere with an infant's ability to roll from prone to supine.
rooting reflex
a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple
Moro reflex
Infant reflex where a baby will startle in response to a loud sound or sudden movement.
Babinski reflex
in response to the sole of the foot being stroked, a baby's big toe moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot and the other toes fan out
fine motor skills
motor skills that involve more finely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity
gross motor skills
physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping
sensory development
The maturing of the five familiar senses : hearing, smell, taste, touch, and vision
taste and smell
both present at birth, preference for sweet
Sensory Development: Hearing
decline begins in middle adulthood but usually not much of an impediment until late adulthood
Sensory Development: Vision
- decline began in middle adulthood, becomes more pronounced

- night driving more difficult: less tolerance for glare, dark adaptation is slower
depth perception
the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance
intermodal perception
The ability to relate and integrate information from two or more sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing.
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