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8th Grade STAAR Objective 4

Terms in this set (46)

Acceleration
how speed changes with time; can be positive (speeding up) or negative (slowing down); change in speed/time
Balanced Force
do not cause a change in motion; equal in size and opposite in direction; cancel each other out
Biomass
plant materials and animal waste used as fuel
Chemical Energy
energy stored in the bonds of molecules and compounds (all living and once living things)
Conduction
the direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching
Convection
the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas
Electrical Energy
energy of moving electrons
Energy
the ability to do work or cause a change
Force
push or pull; causes objects to move
Fossil Fuels
coal, oil, natural gas, and other fuels that are ancient remains of plants and animals.
Geothermal Energy
the energy produced by heat within the Earth
Hydroelectric Energy
Electricity generated from the force of moving water
Inclined pPane
a ramp used to reduce the effort needed to raise or lower an object over a vertical height.
Inertia
the tendency of a body to maintain is state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force
Kinetic Energy
energy of motion
Law of Conservation of Energy
energy can neither be created nor destroyed; energy just changes form
Motion
any physical movement; change in position or place
Newton's First Law of Motion
an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force; an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force
Newton's First Law of Motion
ex. when a car suddenly stops and your head continues to move foward even though your body is stopped by the seat belt
Newton's Second Law of Motion
the greater the force applied to an object, the greater the acceleration; the smaller the mass of an object, the greater its acceleration when force is applied; only an unbalanced force can cause objects to accelerate
Newton's Second Law of Motion
ex. the force applied to a roller coaster car in addition to the mass of the car determines the acceleration of the car; more force = more acceleration
Newton's Third Law of Motion
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction; forces act in pairs
Newton's Third Law of Motion
ex. as the thrust of a rocket pushes down on Earth's surface, the rocket launches upward into the atmosphere
Nuclear Energy
the energy locked in the nucleus of an atom
Potential Energy
energy stored or energy of position
Pulley
simple machine that uses grooved wheels and a rope to raise, lower or move a load. When a rope passes over a wheel, it changes the direction of effort needed to move the load.
Radiation
transfer of thermal energy through electromagnetic waves.
Simple Machines
device that makes work easier; can change size of force applied; can change direction of force applied; changes amount of force needed to cause motion
Solar Energy
Energy from the sun
Speed
the distance traveled by an object in a given amount of time; rate of motion; distance/time
Thermal Energy
energy in the form of heat
Unbalanced Force
change speed or direction of object's motion; not equal and opposite
Velocity
speed of an object and its direction of motion; changes when speed, direction or both changes
Wind Energy
converts the movement of wind into electric energy
Work
force exerted on an object that causes the object to move in same direction that the force was applied
Chemical to Electrical Energy
Light to Chemical Energy
Electrical to Thermal Energy
Potential to Kinetic Energy
Kinetic to Potential Energy
Chemical to Kinetic Energy
Nuclear to Electrical Energy
Chemical to Electrical to Light Energy
Chemical to Thermal and Light Energy
Electrical to Thermal and Light Energy
Chemical to Thermal, Light and Sound Energy
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