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History Test

Terms in this set (52)

Romulus
Legendary founder of Rome, raised by wolves
Estrucans
skilled metalworkers who created the city of Rome and ruled for 100 years, making Rome wealthy and powerful
Greeks
This group settled in southern Italy and Sicily. They influenced the peoples of Rome. They passed things to the Romans such as knowledge of growing olives and grapes, the alphabet, sculpture and architecture. Culture diffusion!
Hannibal
Carthaginian military commander who, in the Second Punic War, attempted a surprise attack on Rome, crossing the Alps with a large group of soldiers, horses, and elephants.
Scipio
Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)
Grachus Brothers
Tiberus and Grachulus limited the size of states, gave land to poor, and made powerful enemies, and met violent deaths
Julius Caesar
Made dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assassinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power, military strategist genius, earned respect from his men. He was assassinated because the senate was worried that he would make something other than a Republic and make himself king.
Pompey
Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC)
Octavian
Part of the second triumvirate whom the power eventually shifted to. Assumed the name Augustus Caesar, and became emperor. Was the end of the Roman Republic and the start of the Pax Romana. He made reforms.
Jesus Christ
A teacher and prophet whose life and teachings form the basis of Christianity. Christians believe Jesus to be Son of God.
Paul
Follower of Jesus who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman world.
Constantine
Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337) He moved the capital to Byzantium and named it Constantinople.
Peter
A.D. 5-67 One of the 12 apostles of Jesus; Roman Catholics consider him to be the first pope, bishop of Rome. Legend has it was that he was crucified upside down by the Roman's.
Augustine
(Roman Catholic Church) one of the great fathers of the early Christian church
Diocletian
Roman emperor who divided the empire into a West and an East section.
Atilla the Hun
the general that united the Huns and destroyed much of Rome
Germanic Tribes
Nomadic groups that invaded the Roman Empire from the North and East. They caused the fall of Rome.
Virgil
Classical Roman poet, author of Aenied
Ovid
a poet who wrote about Roman mythology
Livy
Roman historian whose history of Rome filled 142 volumes (of which only 35 survive) including the earliest history of the war with Hannibal (59 BC to AD 17)
Republic
A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting
Twelve Tables
Rome's first code of laws; adopted in 450 B.C.
Consuls
Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies
Senate
In ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats, made the laws and was the most powerful
Dictators
Rulers with almost absolute power to make laws and command the army
Punic Wars
A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean.
Pax Romana
A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.
Gravitas
discipline, strength, loyalty
Apostles
12 men Jesus had chosen to help Him in his teaching
Martyr
Persecuted Christians who sacrifice themselves for a belief or a cause
Heresy
Any belief that contradicts basic teachings
Christianity
A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.
Nicene Creed
defined the basic beliefs of the church
Byzantine Empire
Eastern half of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the Western half.
Greco-Roman
The cultural mixing of both ancient Greek and Roman traditions.
bas-relief
New type of Roman sculpture that tells a story, usually with panels
Frescoes
Murals painted on walls
Mosaics
Pictures made with pieces of colored stone or glass
The Aeneid
An epic poem by Virgil chronicling the adventures of the Trojan prince Aeneas that portrayed the Roman ideals of duty, piety and faithfulness; Aeneas was the ancestor of Romulus
Latin
The language of the Romans and the language of learning
Patrcians
Nobles, upper class
Pleabians
Common people, lower class
Gladiator
A Roman athlete, usually a slave, criminal, or prisoner of war, who was forced to fight for the entertainment of the public
civil service
the permanent professional branches of a government's administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians.
Triumvirate
in ancient Rome, a group of three leaders sharing control of the government.
Aquaducts
artificial channels that were constructed to convey water from one location to another
Inflation
a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
Edict of Milan
313 CE Constantine makes Christianity the primary religion of the Roman Empire
Empire
A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler
What is important about 509 BC?
It is the start of the Roman Republic
What is important about 44 BC?
It is the year of Caesar's Assassination
What is important about 476 BC?
It is the end of the Roman Empire
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