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Chapter 4

Terms in this set (35)

the internet
The world's largest communications network, connecting millions of computers from more than 100 countries.
How does the internet work
Uniquely numbered computing devices relay information from point to point using the Internet Protocol (IP).
Internet Protocol
A set of rules to send and receive messages at the internet address level.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
uses a set of rules to exchange messages with other internet points at the data packet level
origin of internet
1968 Darpa forms ARPANET
IPv4
Each computer has a unique IP address based on four 8-bit segments of data, ranging from 0 to 255
history of domain names
IP addresses are hard to memorize. DNS created
DNS stands for
Domain Name System
DNS
facilitates lookups of IP addresses that correspond to names
DNS example
.edu .gov .com
Packet switching
transmitting data by breaking it up into small segments or packets, and sending the packets individually in a stream
Packet switching protocol
TCP/IP
.ca created around
1990
.ca linked
20 regional networks
internet backbone
organized and managed communication system often based on fibre optic cables, that forms the central connection for a section of the internet
ATM stands for
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATM is
a switching technology that organizes digital data into 53 byte cell units and transmits them using digital signalling technology. A cell is processed asynchronously relative to other related cells
asynchronously relative
not necessarily in a pre-specified sequence
IAB stands for
Internet Architecture Board
IAB
coordinating committee for internet design, engineering and management
IAB task forces
The Internet Engineering Task Force
The Internet Research Task Force
EMail protocol
o Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
o Post Office Protocol (POP3)
o Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
WWW
A client-server network, for publishing and consuming content, with emphasis on Hypertext
Alternatives to client server
o Peer-to-peer
o Server-to-server
How the internet works
Your computer -> Home web server (optional) -> Internet back bone -> Regional network of target server -> Target web server
HTML
A specialized coding language that is used to encode content so it can displayed in a web browser
HTML stands for
Hypertext Markup Language
XML stands for
Extensible Markup Language
XML
describes the content in terms of what data is being included.
Common Gateway Interface
This is a method used by a web server to pass a user's request that has come over the internet to an application. It also receives data from the application that can be sent back to the user.
VPN
a secure and encrypted connection between two points across the internet.
VPN uses
tunnelling
tunnelling
a process under which data packets are transmitted over the internet by including an additional header that establishes its route through the internet
VOIP (Voice Over Internet Protocols)
A set of protocols for carrying voice/telephone calls over the internet
VoIP stands for:
voice over internet protocol
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