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biology1210exam2

Terms in this set (37)

nucleus function
information storage and transmission,
ribosome subunit assembly,
structural support
ribosome function
protein synthesis
endomembrane system
endoplasmic reticulum (rough), endoplasmic reticulum (smooth), golgi apparatus, lysosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum function
protein synthesis and processing, studded with ribosomes
smooth endoplasmic reticulum function
lipid synthesis and processing
golgi apparatus function
protein, lipid, and carb processing
lysosomes function (animal cells)
digestion and recycling
vacuoles function (plants and fungi)
storage, digestion, and recycling
peroxisomes function
oxidation of fatty acids, ethanol, or other compounds
mitochondria function
atp production
chloroplasts function
production of sugars via photosynthesis
cytoskeleton function
structural support, movement of materials
plasma membrane function
selective permeability, maintains intracellular environment
cell wall function
protection, structural support
taxonomic groupings
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
three types of domains
Bacteria (prokaryotic), Archaea (prokaryotic), Eukarya (eukaryotic)
all cells have...
proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, plasma membrane
proteins
perform most of the cell's functions
nucleic acids
store, transmit, and process information
carbohydrates
provide chemical energy, carbon, support, and identity
plasma membrane
serves as a selectively permeable membrane barrier
eukaryotes
membrane bound nucleus, unicellular or multicellular, usually larger than prokaryotic
prokaryotes
lack a membrane bound nucleus, contain a singular chromosome and plasmids, ribosomes
chromosomes
composed of dna and proteins, contains genes, located in nucleoid
plasmids
small circular DNA molecules found in prokaryotes
ribosomes
macromolecular machines, consist of RNA molecules and protein, used for protein synthesis manufacture proteins, lack a membrane (not organelles), either free in cytosol or attached to endoplasmic reticulum
organelles
membrane bound compartments found in bacteria, store calcium ions, hold magnetite crystals to serve as a compass, organize enzymes for building organic compounds
flagella
prokaryotic structure, long filaments that rotate to propel the cell
fimbriae
prokaryotic structure, needlelike projections that promote attachment to other cells or surfaces
two advantages of compartmentalization in eukaryotes
1. separation of incompatible chemical reactions
2. increasing the efficiency of chemical reactions
three differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
1. eukaryotic cells are generally larger
2.rokaryotic chromosomes are in a nucleic region; eukaryotic chromosomes are enclosed in a nucleus
3. eukaryotic cytoplasm is compartmentalized
nuclear envelope
double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, studded with pore like openings, linked to the nuclear lamina
nuclear lamina
lattice like sheet of fibrous proteins
nucleolus
located within the nuclear envelope, this is where ribosomal RNA is synthesized and ribosome subunits are assembled.
the rough ER synthesizes proteins that will be...
shipped to another organelle, inserted into the plasma membrane, or secreted to the cell exterior
lumen
inside of any sac-like structure, where proteins move to after manufactured on the rough ER
proteins made on the rough ER may...
carry messages to other cells, act as membrane transporters or pumps,
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