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Ch 12 Biology in Focus

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Aneuploidy

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Terms in this set (25)

A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number.

A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in cells of female mammals, representing a highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome.

The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis.

Cytogenetic map

A chart of a chromosome that locates genes with respect to chromosomal features distinguishable in a microscope.

(1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.

A human genetic disease caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21; characterized by mental retardation and heart and respiratory defects.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.

An aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated.

An ordered list of genetic loci (genes or other genetic markers) along a chromosome.

Genetic recombination

General term for the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.

Genomic imprinting

A phenomenon in which expression of an allele in offspring depends on whether the allele is inherited from the male or female parent.

A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele resulting in the absence of one or more blood-clotting proteins; characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.

An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from reattachment of a chromosomal fragment in a reverse orientation to the chromosome from which it originated.

A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes.

Genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together.