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Chapter 11: Solutions and Colloids

Terms in this set (99)

solutions
homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances
solvent
the component of a solution present at a significantly greater concentration
solute
the component of a solution that is present at lesser concentration
alloys
solid solutions of one metal dissolved
solutions characteristics
-homogeneous
-the physical state of a solution-solid, liquid, gas- is typically the same as that of the solvent
-the components of a solution are dispersed on a molecular scale; they consist of a mixture of separated molecules, atoms, and/or ions
-The dissolved solute in a solution will not settle out or separate from the solvent
-the compositions of solutions, or the concentrations of its components, can vary
formation of solutions = _________- process
spontaneous
spontaneous process
a process that occurs under specified conditions without the requirement of energy from some external source
spontaneous formation of a solution
-a decrease in the internal energy of the system (an exothermic charge)
-an increase in the disorder in the system (increase in entropy)
ideal solution
solution that forms with no accompanying energy change

-form due to diffusion
-form when structurally similar liquids are mixed
Three types of IMFs are relevant to the dissolution process:
-solute-solute
-solvent-solvent
-solute-solvent
solvation
exothermic process in which IMFs between the solute and the solvent in a solution are established
____ dissolutions require greater energy input to separate the solute
endothermic
electrolytes
substance that produces ions when dissolved in water
strong electrolyte
substance that dissociates or ionizes completely when dissolved in water
weak electrolyte
substance that ionizes only partially when dissolved in water
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