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Chapter 11 vocab.

Terms in this set (30)

Applied research
Research that focuses on developing applications of knowledge gained through basic research.
Basic research
Research that leads us to a better understanding of how the natural world operates.
Boiling
Evaporation in which bubbles form beneath the liquid surface.
Chemical bond
The force of attraction between two atoms that holds them together within a compound.
Chemical change
The formation of a new substance(s) by the rearrangement of the atoms of the original material(s).
Chemical formula
A notation that indicates the composition of a compound, consisting of the atomic symbols for the elements in the compound and numerical subscripts indicating the ratio in which the atoms combine.
Chemical property
A property that characterizes the ability of a substance to react with other substances or to change into a different substance under specific conditions.
Chemical reaction
A term synonymous with chemical change.
Chemistry
The study of matter and the transformations it undergoes.
Compound
A structure in which atoms of different elements are bonded to one another.
Condensation
The transformation of a gas to a liquid.
Deposition
The transformation of a gas to a solid.
Diffusion
The tendency of particles of a material, such as molecules, to move from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration.
Elemental formula
A notation that uses the atomic symbol and (sometimes) a numerical subscript to denote how atoms are bonded in one unit of an element.
Evaporation
A transformation of a liquid to a gas.
Freezing
A transformation of a liquid to a solid.
Gas
Matter that has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape, always filling any space available to it.
Heat of fusion
The amount of energy needed to change any substance from solid to liquid or a liquid to a solid phase.
Heat of vaporization
The amount of energy needed to change any substance from liquid to gas or a gas to a liquid phase.
Latent heat
The energy absorbed or released in order to cause a change of phase.
Liquid
Matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape, assuming the shape of its container.
Melting
The transformation from a solid to a liquid.
Molecule
An extremely small fundamental structure built of atoms.
Nanotechnology
Technology on the scale of a nanometer, where materials are engineered by the manipulation of individual atoms or molecules.
Physical change
A change in which a substance's physical properties are altered but with no change in its chemical identity.
Physical property
Any physical attribute of a substance, such as color, density, or hardness.
Scanning probe microscope
A tool of nanotechnology that detects and characterizes the surface atoms of materials by way of an ultra thin probe tip, which is detected by laser light as it is mechanically dragged over the surface.
Solid
Matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape.
Sublimation
The transformation of a solid to a gas.
Submicroscopic
The realm of atoms and molecules, where objects are smaller than can be detected by optical microscopes..
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