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Diseases of Immunity
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Terms in this set (21)
Myasthenia gravis
type 2, acetylcholine is being blocked by the antibody
results in jerky movements
Multiple Sclerosis
Neurological manifestation but autoimmune etiology
Target: myelin sheath of nerves, damaging nerves, and loss of impulse mechanisms
Type 2 & 4
Systemic lupus erythematosus
and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Purely autoimmune, the immune system is attacking joint proteins type 2, 3, and 4
Type 1 diabetes
islet cells of pancreas that produce insulin are destroyed: Type II: autoantibodies against cells, Type IV. Islet cells are very specific tissue cells- won't be type III because not in close proximity with blood vessels for complement to deposit into, not Type I because not anaphylaxis
Heart damage after rheumatic fever
post-streptococcal complications in kidneys Type 2 and 3.
antigens can deposit in valves of heart or myocardium is considered type 4
What are usually linked to autoimmune diseases?
Certain HLA (haplotypes) recognition proteins
Hay fever
Mast cell is sensitive to these antigens so it releases histamine quickly. (ALL HAY FEVER IS NOT ANAPHYLAXIS
Type 1
Asthma
IgE on bronchial smooth muscles (it will cause it mast cell degranulation)
Type 1
Atopic Dermatitis
Hives, rashes on skin. IMMEDIATE because Type 1 is the quickest mechanism
Type 2 and 3 depending on time
Anaphylactic shock
MOST dangerous reaction. INTRA moving to EXTRA space causing HYPOtension
Type 1
Hemolytic anemia
Complement mediated cell lysis of erythrocytes
Type 2
Good Pasture's Syndrome
AB attached to basement membrane of the glomerulus, causing damage
Type 2
Grave's Disease
AB binding to the thyroid cells triggering them to secrete too much.
Primary- immune system, secondary- thyroid hormones, tertiary-symptoms
Type 2
Hemolytic disease of
newborn
Complement mediated cell lysis of erythrocytes
Type 2
Mismatched blood tranfusion
Alloimmunity: due to complement mediated lysis
Type 2
Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Antigen escaped, deposited in tissue, antibody goes after it: Type 2
Complex formed in blood stream then goes to the kidney
: Type 3
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Type 2: Destruction of RBC-anemia
Lymphocytpenia
Type 3:
Chronic multisystem inflammatory system. Autoantibodies against: nucleic acids, erythrocytes, coagulation, proteins, phospholipids, platelets
Polyarteritis nodosa
Type 3:
Multiple Organ
AB binding to AG casuing damage to endothelial cells, damaged vessles, complements coming in to cause damage. Occurs INSIDE of vessel
Hashimoto's disease
Type 2:
Hypothyroidism (AB and AG going against thyroid sites causing complement mediated damage
Type 4:
T cells going against thyroid cells
Systemic sclerosis
Type 2:
Multiple organs, hardening by collagen deposition
Allergy
Type 1: IgE present and immediate
Type 4: Tcells present, no antibody, delayed response
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Verified questions
physics
A typical ultrasound transducer used for medical diagnosis produces a beam of ultrasound with a frequency of 1.0 MHz. The beam travels from the transducer through tissue and partially reflects when it encounters different structures in the tissue. The same transducer that produces the ultrasound also detects the reflections. The transducer emits a short pulse of ultrasound and waits to receive the reflected echoes before emitting the next pulse. By measuring the time between the initial pulse and the arrival of the reflected signal, we can use the speed of ultrasound in tissue, 1540 m/s, to determine the distance from the transducer to the structure that produced the reflection. As the ultrasound beam passes through tissue, the beam is attenuated through absorption. Thus deeper structures return weaker echoes. A typical attenuation in tissue is $-100 \mathrm{dB} / \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{MHz}$; in bone it is $-500 \mathrm{dB} / \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{MHZ}$. In determining attenuation, we take the reference intensity to be the intensity produced by the transducer. In some applications of ultrasound, such as its use on cranial tissues, large reflections from the surrounding bones can produce standing waves. This is of concern because the large pressure amplitude in an antinode can damage tissues. For a frequency of 1.0 MHz, what is the distance between antinodes in tissue? (a) 0.38 mm; (b) 0.75 mm; (c) 1.5 mm; (d) 3.0 mm.
chemistry
How are sound waves and water waves similar? How are they different?
engineering
A heat pump cycle delivers energy by heat transfer to a dwelling at a rate of $60,000 \mathrm{Btu} / \mathrm{h}$. The power input to the cycle is $7.8 \mathrm{hp}$. (a) Find the coefficient of performance of the cycle. (b) Estimating electricity at $\$ 0.08 \mathrm{per} \mathrm{kW} \cdot \mathrm{h}$, determine the cost of electricity in a month when the heat pump operates for 200 hours.
engineering
In the MOSFET cascode current source, all transistors are identical, with parameters: $V_{T N}=1 \mathrm{~V}, K_n=80 \mu \mathrm{A} / \mathrm{V}^2$, and $\lambda=$ $0.02 \mathrm{~V}^{-1}$. Let $I_{\mathrm{REF}}=20 \mu \mathrm{A}$. The circuit is biased at $V^{+}=5 \mathrm{~V}$ and $V^{-}=-5 \mathrm{~V}$. Determine: (a) $V_{G S}$ of each transistor, (b) the lowest possible voltage value $V_{D 4}$, and (c) the output resistance $R_o$.