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Red and White blood cells

Terms in this set (55)

Where are blood cells formed?
red bone marrow, include red and white blood cell
Average-sized adult blood volume:
5 liters
Blood cell makeup
45%. cells, 55% is clear, straw colored plasma.
Red, white blood cells and plasma
Red blood cells make up for what percent of all blood cells
99%
Hematocrit
percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells
Hematocrit is also called:
packed cell volume
Blood cells originate from
Bone marrow from hemocytoblasts
Hemocytoblasts
a type of stem cell that produces blood cells
Erythropoietin (EPO)
stimulates RBC production
Hematopoiesis:
Blood cell formation, the production of blood cells
Where does blood cell formation happen in children?
Yolk sac
Where does blood cell formation happen in adults?
liver and spleen, and still in bone marrow
Red blood cell
Erythrocytes
Tiny, biconcave disks that are thin in center
Thicker around rims
Function of Red blood cells:
1.) Transports gases, provides an increases surface area through which gases can diffuse
2.) Places the cell membrane closer to oxygen carrying hemoglobin within the cell
3.) It can deform readily as it squeezes through narrow passages of capillaries
Hemoglobin
Oxygen carrying, makes 1/3 of RBC by volume
What gives color to the blood?
Hemoglobin
When hemoglobin combines with oxygen, what happens?
Results in:
Oxyhemoglobin --- bright red
Deoxyhemoglobin:
When oxygen is released from the hemoglobin, darker color
prolonged oxygen deficiency
Hypoxia
Hypoxia may result someone to become...
Cyanotic
Cyantoic
The skin and mucous membranes appear bluish due to a high level of deoxyhemoglobin in blood.
High level of deoxyhemoglobin in blood.
Cyanotic
Why is it good that mature RBC lose its nucleus?
more capacity to carry hemoglobin (oxygen carrying)
What fulls the void created by the nucleus?
hemoglobin
Red blood cell count:
Blood cells in a cubic millimeter (RBCC)
Men RBCC:
4,600,000-6,200,000
Women RBCC:
4,200,000-5,400,000
Children RBCC:
4,500,000-5,100,000
What causes RBCC to decrease? Increase?
Decrease: anemia, leukemia, and following severe hemorrhaging
Increase: Severe dehydration or diarrhea, exercise, large meal, rise in temperature, rise in altitude
Red blood cells characteristics:
Elastic and flexible, become more fragile as we age and are frequently damaged
What happens when RBC's are damaged or worn out?
- Rupture in spleen or liver.
- Cells called Macrophages phagocytize and destroy damaged red cells and their contents
Marcophages do what
Phagocytize and destroy damaged red cells and their contents
Hemoglobin molecules breakdown:
Globin and heme
Globin:
Polypeptide chains
Heme:
breaks down into iron and a greenish pigment called biliverdin.
Biliverdin
greenish pigment, converts into bilirubin
Bilirubin
orange in color
What is excreted in the bile?
bilirubin and biliverdin
Jaundice
yellowing of the skin
What causes Jaundice?
buildup of bilirubin in blood as liver is not fully matured.
Jaundice fix:
Phototherapy, baby's skin is exposed to light
Hematopoeisis
Red blood cell formation
Where does hematopoiesis occur in fetus?(3)
yolk sac, liver, spleen(3)
Where does hematopoiesis occur?
tissue lining in red bone marrow
What happens in the red marrow for the process of hematopoiesis?
Hemocytoblasts give rise to erythroblasts.
Reticulocytes
Young cells that may contain a netlike structure (reticulum)
Reticulocytes stage:
exit the bone marrow, enter the blood.
What needs to happen for a reticulocyte to become a erythrocyte?
Degeneration of the Reticulum
Average life span of red blood cell:
120 days
Homeostatic -
control of the rate of red cell production
How long does it take to make a RBC
2 days
How many RBC are made a second?
2 million
What two things are very important for DNA synthesis and have a heavy influence on red blood cell formation?
Vitamin B12 and folic acid
Lack of Vitamin B12 can cause disorder in stomach lining called
pernicious anemia
Anemia
a deficiency of red blood cells, or reduction in the quantity of hemoglobin
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