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Ap Human Geography-Chapter 13-Urbanization

Terms in this set (60)

Annexation
Legal process where a city adds land.
Census tract
Area of land corresponding roughly to the boundaries of a US neighborhood.
Centrality
City's reach into the surrounding region.
Commercialization
Transforming part of a city into an area designated for economic activity.
Commuter zone
Outermost zone where people live in residential suburbs but drive into the central business district to work.
Concentric zone model
Urban structure where groups of people are arranged in rings.
Decentralization
Dispersement of decision-making from a central authority.
Density gradient
Gradual change in the crowdedness from the center of a city to its outskirts.
Edge city
Large node of office and retail activity on the outskirts of a city.
Filtering
Process where ownership of a house changes from single-family to eventual abandonment.
Gateway city
Urban settlement that serves as a connector to two areas.
Gentrification
Change from a low-income neighborhood to a predominantly middle-class neighborhood.
Great cities
Cities with over one million in population.
Greenbelt
A ring of land designed to limit city sprawl.
In-filling
Checkerboard development pattern for the construction of new buildings.
Inner city
Typical poorer parts of a central city area.
Invasion and succession
Domination of new immigrants in neighborhoods, overtaking this dominance from older immigrant groups.
Lateral commuting
When a person lives in one suburb and travels to another suburb for employment.
Megacities
Cities with more than 10 million people.
Megalopolis/conurbation
Large urban areas practically connected to one another.
Metropolitan statistical area
A city with at least 50,000 population in the US, its county, and the surrounding smaller counties.
Micropolitan statistical area
A city between 10,000 to 30,000 population and its surrounding counties that have ties to this urban area.
Multiple nuclei model
Urban structure where activities are centered around more than one node.
Peak land value intersection
Area with greatest commercial value.
Peripheral model
North American model of urban areas with suburbs surrounding an inner city, tied together by a beltway.
Planned communities
Settlement that has grown according to some design initiated in the beginning of its settlement.
Postindustrial city
A service-oriented urban area.
Public housing
Residential buildings owned by the government with rent typically a percentage of a person's income.
Racial steering
Where real estate agents guide people to or from neighborhoods based on ethnic considerations.
Redlining
Where banks illegally refuse to lend money for certain areas of a town.
Restrictive covenants
Where land is prohibited for certain uses due to contractual agreements.
Rush (or peak) hour
Time periods for the heaviest volumes of traffic.
Sector model
Urban structure where city residents live in wedges emanating out from the central business district.
Segregation
Separation of people based on ethnic or some other differences.
Smart growth
Legislation designed to limit sprawl.
Sprawl
Development of new housing outside more dense sections of an urban area.
Squatter settlement
Section of an urban area or its surroundings in an LDC where residents establish illegal residences on land they do not own.
Street pattern (grid, dendritic, access, control)
Can be set up as either dendritic or grid.
Suburb
Area connected to a city mainly for residential purposes which may have its own retail activities to support its residents.
Suburbanization
Movement of middle- and high-income people cities outskirts.
Tenement
Building with little safety or sanitation where people rent rooms.
Underclass
Group of people locked in a perpetual cycle of poverty.
Urban growth rate
The speed at which an urban population grows.
Urban hydrology
Urban management of clean water solutions for a city.
Urban morphology
The physical form and structure of cities.
Urban renewal
Identifying blighted areas of a city, clearing the area, and upgrading infrastructure to sell land to private developers.
Urbanization
Increase in the percentage and number of people living in cities.
Urbanized population
Proportion of a country's population living in a city.
Zone in transition
Mixed area of commercial and residential surrounding the central business district.
Zoning ordinance
Law limiting land usage and development density.
Barriadas
Squatter settlements found in the periphery of Latin American cities
Cityscapes
Similar to a landscape, but used to refer to that of a large urban area.
Council of government
A cooperative agency consisting of representatives of local governments in a metropolitan area in the United States.
Emerging cities
City currently not having a significant population but increasing in size at a fast rate.
Ethnic neighborhood
Neighborhood, typically situated in a larger metropolitan city and constructed by or comprised of a local culture, in which a local culture can practice its customs.
Favela
A shantytown or slum, especially in Brazil.
Office park
Agglomeration of office buildings with facilities established for infrastructure to enhance the possibility of business success.
Postmodern urban landscape
The material character of a more contemporary urban area.
Slum
A district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions.
Symbolic landscape
Smaller landscapes than symbolize a bigger area or category.
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