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Western Civilizations Midterm Review

Terms in this set (57)

Nationalism
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
Imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Militarism
A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war
Triple Entente
Britain, France, Russia
Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Balkan States
the "powder keg" of Europe, many different cultures clashing, leading to lots of fighting
Austro-Prussian War (7-week war)
Bismarck wins and secures land for Prussia
Franco-Prussian War
Bismarck capturing Napoleon marked the end of what war?
1871
Year where Germany was established
Coal and Steel
In the 1890s Germany became top producer of what?
Reason Wilhelm IV denied constitution
Wilhelm IV was reluctant to accept the crown under the new civilian constitution because they didn't have permission from other Germanic states and they simply did not have the right to establish their own constitution.
Traditional/Conservative
What was Bismarck's political perspective?
Denmark, France and Austria
Prussia's main enemies during 1850s-1870s
Blood and Iron
the speech that Otto Von Bismarck gave with the belief that a strong industry and military was needed in a country to have success. The blood represented the military while the iron represented the industry of Germany.
A constitution and protection of rights
the French Revolution inspired the people of Prussia to call for what?
39 individual countries
Including Austria+Prussia how many countries made up the Germanic States?
Germanic Unification and Power
Prussia was interested in what after the Congress of Vienna?
German Confederation
Association of German states established at the Congress of Vienna that replaced the Holy Roman Empire from 1815 to 1866 (made up of 38 states)
Effect of railroad system on Britain
Britain increased exports to the rest of Europe
Soho, Birmingham
Home of the first mass production foundry and home of the first steamboat
Luddites
Any of a group of British workers who between 1811 and 1816 rioted and destroyed laborsaving textile machinery in the belief that such machinery would diminish employment.
Ecological Impact of Factories
The peppered moth began to take on a darker shade and lose its peppered effect due to the ecological state and forced mutations of the moth.
Flying Shuttle
was developed by John Kay, its invention was one of the key developments in weaving that helped fuel the Industrial Revolution, enabled the weaver of a loom to throw the shuttle back and forth between the threads with one hand
Water Frame
1780's; Richard Arkwright; powered by water; turned out yarn much faster than cottage spinning wheels, led to development of mechanized looms
Cotton and Metal
The biggest product of the Industrial Revolution
Domestic System v. Factory System
the domestic system is less productive but more creative and fulfilling. The factory system is productive but stressful and less unique.
domestic production
products made in the same country in which they are sold
Block Layout (tenant housing)
This form of neighborhood layout became the biggest during the Industrial Revolution
Sports, Parks, Music Halls
Ways to spend free time during the Industrial Revolution.
Higher Average Height
A result of the diverse food supply during the industrial revolution.
Trapper
Child's job, traps clean air inside of the mines and continually replaces the air with fresh air.
Drawer
Job for women and children in which you must bring the mined coal out of the mineshafts in carts. Tight conditions
Britain
Where did the industrial revolution begin.
Farming and seasonal paychecks
Working conditions before the industrial revolution.
Advantages of Coal
easier to transport compared to wood and it's more effective
Use of Steam Engine
was used during IR to pump water out of mines so they could access the coal
Battle of Leipzig (1813)
Napoleon loses this battle and is exiled from France to the Isle of Elba
Isle of Elba
Where Napoleon was exiled to after Battle of Leipzig
Major Players at Congress of Vienna
France, Britain and Russia
Napoleon's Legacy
an increase in public schooling and driving on the right side of the road.
No
Did Napoleon succeed in taking Moscow?
Napoleon Educational Reforms
Women could go to school, scholarships given to those in need and an uprise of secondary schools.
Bank of France
major financial institution established under the rule of Napoleon.
Napoleonic Code
A comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon
Slanted blades
how Joseph Guillotine perfected the guillotine
Executions during reign of terror
20k-40k executions had over the span of this period many made by the Jacobins.
Establishment of the Directory
Period after reign of Terror
Maximillien de Robespierre
Carried out the reign of terror using the guillotine
George Danton
Radical Jacobin who made a speech to the National Assembly urging France to crush all domestic and foreign enemies
Later executed by Robespierre, a former close friend, because of his view that the Terror had gone far enough
Marquis de Lafayette
assisted in drafting the constitution for declaration of the rights of man.
Purpose of Bastille
A stronghold, prison and armory during the French Revolution
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Adopted August 26, 1789, created by the National Assembly to give rights to all (except women). Heavily influenced by John Locke.
Marquis de Launay
Beheaded and head put on stake outside of the bastille.
Goal of Tennis Court Agreement
The tennis court agreement was created in order to call for a written constitution that protects the people's rights.
Old Regime
The Political and Social system that existed in France before the French Revolution
3 estates during Congress of Vienna
1) Clergy
2) Nobles
3) Peasants
Louis XV's gift to Louis XVI
debt
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