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Chapter 14-Biology

Terms in this set (41)

It is difficult to infer details about the behavior of extinct animals, but in this effort, trace fossils are more helpful than fossils preserved in amber. ( True or False)
Ture
Miller and Urey constructed a chamber containing the hypothetical atmosphere of early Earth, input energy in the form of a spark, and the chamber produced simple prokaryotic cells. (True or False)
False
The oblong shape of both chloroplasts and cyanobacteria is good evidence that endosymbiosis of ancestral cyanobacteria was an essential step in the evolution of higher plants. (True or False)
False
The purpose of the covered flask in Francesco Redi's 1668 experiment was to trap flies inside the flask with the meat. (True or False)
False
The fact that experiments mimicking condition on early Earth create organic molecules but not living cells disproves Oparin's primordial soup hypothesis. (True or False)
False
In the sequence of hypothesized events leading to the evolution of eukaryotes, prokaryotes appeared first. (True or False)
True
On the geologic time scale, an eon is longer than an era. (True or False)
True
Radiometric dating is not possible on rocks that contain fossils since the radioactive isotopes that could be used are found in only igneous or metamorphic rock. (True or False
True
A preserved dinosaur footprint in an example of a trace fossil. (True or False)
True
Life first appeared about 5 million years after the formation of the first oceans. (True or False)
False
More that 99% of all the species that have ever lived are extinct. (True or False)
True
fossilization occurs more rarely in marine organisms because organisms need to be buried in sediment to be preserved. (True or False)
False
Experiments with a mix of gases believed to more accurately reflect the early atmosphere of earth than the mix used by miller and Urey produced proteins, nucleotides, and sugars. (True or False)
False
Which is the first era of Earth's history?
Precambrian
Which is the correct order of the typical sequence of events for fossilization?
The organism dies and is buried in sediment./ Sediments build up in layers so the organism is surrounded./ Minerals replace harder structures like bone and shell./ Erosion can expose buried fossils.
What evidence is there that modern archaebacteria may be most like the hypothesized earliest cells on Earth?
Archaebacteria thrive in extreme environments of intense heat or pressure,, and microfossils suggest early life forms live in volcanic environment
What did Francesco Redi's experiment disprove?
Theory of Spontaneous Generation
Which is the approximate age of Earth?
4.5 Billions years
What would the half-life of the isotope used to date the age of Earth at 4.6 billion years be?
1 Billion Years
A mass extinction that included the disappearance of all dinosaur species occurred during the ______________________?
Mesozoic Era
On a field trip, a scientist finds a fossil of a snub-nosed crocodile and wants to know its age. What would you do to date the fossil?
Determine the age by comparing it to fossils in other layers
What type of fossil will reveal the skin color of a 90 million year old frog?
Amber Fossil
Which is an accurate statement of the differences between spontaneous generation and biogenesis?
Spontaneous generation is the idea that life can come from nonliving components, while biogenesis is the more modern concept that life can only arise from another living organism
Which is part of the endosymbiont theory?
chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotes
Consider a fossil find containing dinosaur nests, broken eggshells, and embryos. The shells and bones appear to have some original material and some mineralization. How would you classify it regarding fossil type?
Trace, replacement, and original material
Evidence of past life in the form of fossils is found in what form of rock?
Sedimentary
What criterion would you predict will be used to divide the Cenozoic from the net era in the future?
A mass extinction
What does relative dating depend on to identify similarly aged rocks in different location?
The position of the rock layer
Which promoted the acceptance of spontaneous generation?
Lack of knowledge of the reproductive processes
Which describes what scientists believe Earth's appearance was like 4.5 billion years ago?
Molten rock core with no solid land or oceans
What was the source of the original atmosphere of early Earth?
Volcanoes
What is one advantage of radiometric dating over relative dating?
The age of an isolated rock can be determined
Which of these is evidence for the endosymbiont theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own circular DNA
Which evidence has suggested to some researchers that birds and dinosaurs may have evolved from a common ancestor?
Fossilized true birds have been found from the same time period as feathered dinosaurs
Earth forms and the first life forms appear
Precambrian
Mammals appear
Mesozoic
Humans appear
Cenozoic
Preserved the body parts of a mosquito
Amber
created an impression of an extinct trilobite
mold fossil
preserved a line formed in wet sand by a dinosaur dragging its tail
Trace
A tree trunk that had slowly been filled in with minerals such as calcium
Petrified
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