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Simulated National DH Board Exam-Componant A

Terms in this set (200)

The type of epithelial tissue that is found in the oral cavity is called:

a.
Stratified squamous epithelium

b.
Simple columnar epithelium

c.
Simple cuboidal epithelium

d.
Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
A. Stratified squamous epithelium lines the cavity
The cellular part of the blood that caries oxygen but does not contain a nucleus comprises the:

a.
Neutrophils

b.
Basophils

c.
Monocytes

d.
Red blood cells
d.
Red blood cells
The nasal septum is composed of:

a.
Vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

b.
Greater wing of the sphenoid bone

c.
Mandible and temporal bones

d.
Occipital and parietal bones
a.
Vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
What bones form the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

a.
Vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

b.
Greater wing of the sphenoid and frontal bones

c.
Mandible and temporal bones

d.
Occipital and parietal bones
c.
Mandible and temporal bones
The articulating surface of the condyle rotates within the:

a.
External acoustic meatus

b.
Styloid process

c.
Coronoid notch

d.
Mandibular fossa
d.
Mandibular fossa
A circular structure in the cell that contains powerful digestive enzymes and acts as a scavenger is the:

a.
Mitochondrium

b.
Lysosome

c.
Endoplasmic reticulum

d.
Golgi apparatus
a.
Mitochondrium
The localized entrapment of pathogens from a dental infection in a closed tissue space is called:

a.
Paresthesia

b.
Osteomyelitis

c.
Abscess

d.
Pustule
c.
Abscess
Which tooth is known for its bifurcated root?

a.
Mandibular second premolar

b.
Maxillary second premolar

c.
Maxillary first premolar

d.
Mandibular first premolar
c.
Maxillary first premolar
Which of the following permanent teeth occlude with only one tooth in the opposite arch, assuming ideal relations exist?

a.
Maxillary canine

b.
Maxillary first molar

c.
Mandibular central incisor

d.
Mandibular first premolar
c.
Mandibular central incisor
The junction of three surfaces on the crown of a tooth is referred to as:

a.
Line angle

b.
Point angle

c.
Occlusal surface

d.
Incisal edge
b.
Point angle
In which one of the following processes does Meckel's cartilage form?

a.
Maxillary

b.
Frontal

c.
Temporal

d.
Mandibular
d.
Mandibular
Which cusp on permanent molars generally is the one that gets progressively smaller as you go posterior in the arch?

a.
Mesiobuccal

b.
Distobuccal

c.
Mesiolingual

d.
Distolingual
d.
Distolingual
During which stage of tooth development can macrodontia and microdontia occur?

a.
Bud

b.
Cap

c.
Bell

d.
Postdevelopment
c.
Bell
The muscles of facial expression and taste are controlled by cranial nerve:

a.
V

b.
VII

c.
X

d.
XII
b.
VII
To which salivary gland does the external carotid artery supply blood?

a.
Minor

b.
Sublingual

c.
Submandibular

d.
Parotid
d.
Parotid
An individual with type AB blood can give a transfusion to an individual with:

a.
Type O blood

b.
Type A blood

c.
Type B blood

d.
Type AB blood
d.
Type AB blood
Cardiac output is the product of:

a.
Heart rate and peripheral resistance

b.
Heart rate and stroke volume

c.
Heart rate and strength of contraction

d.
Heart rate and vascular dilation
b.
Heart rate and stroke volume
All of the following are a function of the pancreas EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Secretion of digestive enzymes

b.
Secretion of insulin

c.
Secretion of bile

d.
Secretion of glucagon
c.
Secretion of bile
Functions of the adult liver include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Bile formation

b.
Reticuloendothelial activity

c.
Glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis

d.
Erythropoiesis

e.
Detoxication
b.
Reticuloendothelial activity
What is the difference between renal physiology and nephrology?

a.
Renal physiology is the study of kidney disease, and nephrology is the study of kidney function

b.
Renal physiology is the treatment of kidney disease, and nephrology is the treatment of kidney function

c.
Renal physiology is the study of kidney function, and nephrology is the study of kidney disease

d.
Renal physiology is the treatment of kidney function, and nephrology is the treatment of kidney disease
c.
Renal physiology is the study of kidney function, and nephrology is the study of kidney disease
Two thirds of the body's water is found in:

a.
Intracellular fluid

b.
Extracellular fluid

c.
Muscles

d.
Blood
a.
Intracellular fluid
How many 8-ounce glasses of water per day should the average adult drink?

a.
5 to 7

b.
8 to 10

c.
11 to 12

d.
13 to 14
b.
8 to 10
What is the amount of extra calories a woman needs during the first trimester of pregnancy?

a.
0

b.
300

c.
900

d.
1200
b.
300
A chemical, biologic, or physical agent that causes birth defects is known as a:

a.
Gestation

b.
Carcinogen

c.
Teratogen

d.
Free radical
c.
Teratogen
Common allergic foods include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Peanuts

b.
Dairy

c.
Vegetables

d.
Wheat

e.
Fish
c.
Vegetables
Protein, fat, and starch digestion takes place primarily in the:

a.
Stomach

b.
Small intestine

c.
Large intestine

d.
Mouth
b.
Small intestine
Anorexics are commonly deficient in:

a.
Iron

b.
Zinc

c.
Chromium

d.
Magnesium
b.
Zinc
Periodontal pathogens are communicable. Research shows that destructive periodontal microorganisms can be passed between parent and child and between spouses through saliva.

a.
Both statements are TRUE

b.
Both statements are FALSE

c.
The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE

d.
The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE
a.
Both statements are TRUE
All of the following are necessary criteria for bacteria to infect the periodontium EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
The host must be susceptible to periodontal pathogens

b.
Bacteria must be present in a virulent form

c.
Bacteria must be organized into complex communities to initiate disease

d.
Bacteria must be aerobic and not viable in the oral cavity
d.
Bacteria must be aerobic and not viable in the oral cavity
The type of bacterium that plays an important role in tissue destruction seen in periodontitis, has a double cell wall, and whose outer membrane contains endotoxins is:

a.
Aerobic

b.
Anaerobic

c.
Gram-positive

d.
Gram-negative
d.
Gram-negative
The attraction of new bacteria to previously attached bacteria is referred to as:

a.
Bacterial blooms

b.
Colonization

c.
Cell division

d.
Coaggregation
d.
Coaggregation
Factors that enable bacteria to colonize, invade, and damage tissues are referred to as _________ factors:

a.
Bacterial

b.
Virulence

c.
Facultative

d.
Enzymatic
b.
Virulence
The two main inorganic minerals found in supragingival calculus are:

a.
Magnesium and sodium chloride

b.
Sodium and potassium phosphate

c.
Calcium carbonate and zinc oxide

d.
Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
d.
Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
Bacterial organisms stain differently on the basis of:

a.
The thickness of the slime layer

b.
The thickness of the glycocalyx

c.
Permeability of their cell walls

d.
The thickness of the plaque biofilm
c.
Permeability of their cell walls
Which type of immunity may be immediately provided to a dental hygienist following an accidental curet laceration of the finger accident during hand-activated instrumentation (scaling)?

a.
Natural passive immunity

b.
Artificial passive immunity

c.
Natural active immunity

d.
Artificial active immunity
b.
Artificial passive immunity
A combination of antibody and antigen is:

a.
Immune complex

b.
Humoral immunity

c.
Rheumatoid factor

d.
Autoimmune disease
a.
Immune complex
In which type of immunopathologic disease are the cells of the body no longer tolerated and the immune system treats them as antigens?

a.
Hypersensitivity

b.
Immunodeficiency

c.
Opportunistic infection

d.
Autoimmune diseases
d.
Autoimmune diseases
What type of lymphocyte matures in the thymus, produces lymphokines, and can affect the humoral immune response?

a.
B lymphocyte

b.
T lymphocyte

c.
Plasma cell

d.
Macrophage
b.
T lymphocyte
All of the following is an example of retrograde cellular change EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Atrophy

b.
Degeneration

c.
Necrosis

d.
Hyperplasia
d.
Hyperplasia
A malignant tumor of bone forming tissue is called:

a.
Chondrosarcoma

b.
Angiosarcoma

c.
Osteosarcoma

d.
Hemangiosarcoma
c.
Osteosarcoma
The main difference between a verucca vulgaris and a papilloma is that:

a.
One is viral and the other is a true benign neoplasm

b.
Pain is associated with papilloma

c.
Common local recurrence of papilloma

d.
The presence of virus particles in a verucca vulgaris
a.
One is viral and the other is a true benign neoplasm
All wounds are subject to certain complications. Which of the following dangers should be given first consideration?

a.
Infection

b.
Edema

c.
Inflammation

d.
Erythema
a.
Infection
Which of the following cells would be the predominant cell seen in an acute inflammatory reaction?

a.
Monocyte

b.
Neutrophil

c.
Plasma cell

d.
Foreign body giant cell
b.
Neutrophil
Deposition of calcium salts in a tooth that is either a response to age or is caused by a stimulus is called pulp calcification. When this occurs in the pulp cavities, this is a:

a.
Cementoma

b.
Pulp stone

c.
Linear calcification

d.
Dentoma
b.
Pulp stone
A carious lesion of the first lower permanent molar is observed and a mass of tissue is protruding from the large cavity opening. The client is 10 years old and has no symptoms. What is the mass of tissue called?

a.
Cementoma

b.
Periapical abscess pulpitis

c.
Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis

d.
Periapical granuloma
c.
Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis
Shingles is caused by the same virus that causes:

a.
Cold sores

b.
Mononucleosis

c.
Mumps

d.
Chickenpox

e.
Measles
d.
Chickenpox
On x-ray examination, a radiolucent, pear-shaped lesion is found distal to a client's maxillary right lateral incisor causing divergence of the lateral and canine roots. The lesion is probably a(an):

a.
Odontogenic keratocyst

b.
Ameloblastoma

c.
Globulomaxillary cyst

d.
Giant cell tumor
c.
Globulomaxillary cyst
Odontogenic keratocysts are of particular clinical importance because they:

a.
Often become malignant

b.
Are frequently found in amelobastomas

c.
Commonly recur after surgical removal

d.
Often occur after endodontic treatment of a radicular cyst
c.
Commonly recur after surgical removal
Infectious mononucleosis is caused by:

a.
Gram-negative bacteria

b.
Epstein-Barr virus

c.
Thermophilic fungus

d.
Slow virus
b.
Epstein-Barr virus
When reviewing a dentigerous cyst on a radiograph, the radiolucent area will:

a.
Be found in a place of a tooth

b.
Surround the crown of an unerupted or impacted tooth

c.
Surround the root apex of a fully erupted tooth

d.
Surround the root apex of an impacted tooth
b.
Surround the crown of an unerupted or impacted tooth
Which one of the following is MOST characteristic of nitrous oxide abuse?

a.
Is found primarily in food service employees

b.
Can lead to physical dependence

c.
Can cause infertility

d.
Can cause myelocytosis
a.
Is found primarily in food service employees
Which one of the following when taken with antacids can result in a decrease in intestinal absorption of the medication?

a.
Meperidine (Demerol)

b.
Penicillin V

c.
Tetracycline

d.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
a.
Meperidine (Demerol)
When epinephrine is added to a local anesthetic agent, all of the following occur EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Cardiac output and heart rate are increased

b.
Coronary arteries dilate causing increase in blood flow

c.
Systolic blood pressure decreases

d.
Overall decrease in cardiac efficiency occurs
c.
Systolic blood pressure decreases
Which one of the following drugs can increase the risk for developing oral candidiasis?

a.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

b.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

c.
Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)

d.
Fluticasone (Flovent)
d.
Fluticasone (Flovent)
All of the following are side effects associated with oral contraceptives EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Headache

b.
Weight gain

c.
Anorexia

d.
Nausea
c.
Anorexia
The ceiling dose (effect) relates significantly to:

a.
Efficacy

b.
Threshold dose

c.
Placebo

d.
Affinity
b.
Threshold dose
Side effects of calcium channel blocking agents include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Stomatitis

b.
Hypotension

c.
Increased bleeding

d.
Heartburn
c.
Increased bleeding
Which one of the following drugs is NOT used for reducing anxiety?

a.
Diazepam (Valium)

b.
Paroxetine (Paxal)

c.
Escitalopram (Lexapro)

d.
Secobarbital (Seconal)
d.
Secobarbital (Seconal)
When one drug reduces the absorption of another drug, what is a common strategy to minimize the interaction?

a.
Administration of one of the drugs by injection

b.
Administration of doses 2 hours apart

c.
Withholding of all drugs for 24 hours

d.
Withholding of one of the drugs until therapy with other drug is completed
b.
Administration of doses 2 hours apart
Overuse of nasal decongestant sprays can cause __________.

a.
Dry mouth

b.
Constipation

c.
Sedation

d.
Rebound congestion
d.
Rebound congestion
All of the following are lesions palpable during an intraoral exam EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?

a.
Bulla

b.
Nodule

c.
Papule

d.
Macule

e.
Vesicle
d.
Macule
During treatment of a client with compromised pulmonary function, all of the following must be done EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Avoid using motor-driven polishing devices

b.
Ask the client to be pre-medicated

c.
Avoid aerosol producing mechanized scalers

d.
Ask the client if they would like to be in a more upright position
b.
Ask the client to be pre-medicated
Tachycardia is characterized by an increase in:

a.
Pulse rate

b.
Blood pressure

c.
Body temperature

d.
Respirations
a.
Pulse rate
Dental biofilm that is capable of demineralizing tooth structure is referred to as:

a.
Cariogenic

b.
Calculogenic

c.
Pathogenic

d.
Periogenic
a.
Cariogenic
Which of the following factors may increase the risk of bradycardia?

a.
Exercise

b.
Fasting

c.
Stimulants

d.
Anxiety
a.
Exercise
The gingival col area is particularly susceptible to destruction because of:

a.
Absence of keratinization and interproximal location

b.
Keratinization and a rough surface

c.
Facial location, where toothbrushing could easily destroy it

d.
Posterior location, where the client cannot reach
a.
Absence of keratinization and interproximal location
The MOST common cause of tooth mobility is caused by:

a.
Excessive occlusal biting forces

b.
Destruction of the periodontium

c.
Aggressive periodontal instrumentation

d.
Generalized gingival recession
b.
Destruction of the periodontium
Which of the following BEST describes bruxism?

a.
Chemical wearing of tooth structure

b.
Grinding of teeth

c.
Breakdown of tooth structure because of bacterial attack

d.
Uneven pitting of the facial surface
b.
Grinding of teeth
Which fibers of the principal fiber group run from the alveolar crest to cementum just below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)?

a.
Oblique

b.
Horizontal

c.
Alveolar crest

d.
Inter-radicular
c.
Alveolar crest
A fluid-filled skin elevation, which is 1cm or less in diameter and contains serum or mucin, is BEST described as a:

a.
Papule

b.
Vesicle

c.
Lobule

d.
Macule
b.
Vesicle
Class II occlusion is a molar relationship of the:

a.
Buccal groove of the mandibular molar is mesial to the mesiobuccal (MB) cusp of the maxillary molar

b.
Buccal groove of the mandibular molar is aligned with the MB cusp of the maxillary molar

c.
Buccal groove of the mandibular molar is distal to the MB cusp of the maxillary molar

d.
MB cusps of the maxillary and mandibular molars are in an end-to-end relationship
c.
Buccal groove of the mandibular molar is distal to the MB cusp of the maxillary molar
During the client's periodontal evaluation, the hygienist detects a furcation on tooth #30 and notes that the Nabers probe enters into the furcation area and penetrate through to the opposite side, however, the furcation is still covered with soft tissue. This type of furcation involvement is classified as:

a.
Class I

b.
Class II

c.
Class III

d.
Class IV
c.
Class III
Which of the following terms BEST describes the involvement of the attached gingiva, the papilla, and the free gingiva?

a.
Localized

b.
Papillary

c.
Diffuse

d.
Marginal
c.
Diffuse
All of the following are characteristics of free gingiva EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Closely adapts around each tooth

b.
Connects with the attached gingiva

c.
Contains the free gingival groove

d.
Has a stippled surface
d.
Has a stippled surface
The color of the marginal gingiva of a client with chronic inflammation is predominantly:

a.
Red, or pink if it is fibrotic

b.
Coral pink with or without melanin pigmentation

c.
Blue

d.
White
a.
Red, or pink if it is fibrotic
Pellicle formation involves:

a.
Bacterial colonization

b.
Focal areas of mineralization

c.
Adhesion of salivary proteins to the tooth surface

d.
Organized mass of organisms
c.
Adhesion of salivary proteins to the tooth surface
During radiographic exposure, if the vertical angulation of the cone is too flat, the image on the film becomes distorted. Which of the following terms BEST describes the appearance of the tooth?

a.
Foreshortened

b.
Overlapped

c.
Elongated

d.
Normal
c.
Elongated
Which of the following appears as a radiopaque intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity as viewed on a dental radiograph?

a.
Nutrient canal

b.
Anterior nasal spine

c.
Zygomatic process

d.
Inverted Y
d.
Inverted Y
In the dental setting, interpretation refers to an explanation of what is viewed on a radiograph, whereas the term diagnosis refers to the identification of a problem, deficit, or disease by examination or analysis.

a.
Both statements are TRUE

b.
Both statements are FALSE

c.
The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE

d.
The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE
a.
Both statements are TRUE
Extraoral radiographs may be used in conjunction with intraoral films. The images seen on an extraoral film are more defined or sharp than the images on an intraoral radiograph.

a.
Both statements are TRUE

b.
Both statements are FALSE

c.
The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE

d.
The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE
c.
The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE
In digital radiography, how do the exposure
times differ from those required for conventional radiography?

a.
10% to 20% more

b.
10% to 20% less

c.
50% to 80% more

d.
50% to 80% less
d.
50% to 80% less
Which of the following projections is used to evaluate fractures of the zygomatic arch and the position of the condyles and to demonstrate the base of the skull?

a.
Lateral cephalometric

b.
Posteroanterior

c.
Waters

d.
Submentovertex
d.
Submentovertex
Which of the following bitewing-size film is used to examine permanent posterior teeth of children and, when positioned vertically, can be used to examine anterior teeth in adults?

a.
Size 0

b.
Size 1

c.
Size 2

d.
Size 3
c.
Size 2
Using 10 milliamperes (mA) with an exposure time of 3 seconds would result in 30 mAs. If the milliamperage is increased to 15, the time must be decreased to __________seconds to maintain the same density of the exposed radiograph.

a.
0.5

b.
1.0

c.
1.5

d.
2.0
b.
1.0
Which form of the x-ray beam is MOST detrimental to the client and the operator?

a.
Primary radiation

b.
Secondary radiation

c.
Scatter radiation

d.
Useful beam
a.
Primary radiation
Which of the following forms of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?

a.
Radio waves

b.
Infrared waves

c.
Ultraviolet waves

d.
X-rays and gamma rays
d.
X-rays and gamma rays
Which of the following types of cells is MOST radiosensitive?

a.
Nerve

b.
Bone marrow

c.
Muscle

d.
Salivary glands
b.
Bone marrow
When taking a radiograph, how many inches is the recommended size of the beam at the client's face?

a.
2.75

b.
3.25

c.
3.50

d.
4.00
a.
2.75
Which of the following terms MOST accurately describes the dose of radiation that the body can endure with little or no chance of injury?

a.
Cumulative dose

b.
Maximum permissible dose

c.
Threshold dose

d.
Erythema dose
b.
Maximum permissible dose
What is the name of the zone in which structures are clearly demonstrated on panoramic radiograph?

a.
Focal trough

b.
Rectification

c.
Penumbra

d.
Midsagittal plane
a.
Focal trough
Hydrogen peroxide has been used in the oral cavity for a variety of purposes. These include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
With baking soda for toothbrushing, called the Keyes technique

b.
As an irrigation agent to get oxygen to the gingival tissues

c.
As part of tooth whitening products

d.
As an essential oil
d.
As an essential oil
All of the following are risk factors associated with osteoporosis EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Low calcium

b.
Female gender

c.
Cigarette smoking

d.
Halitosis

e.
Sedentary lifestyle
d.
Halitosis
All of the following are risk factors of a cardiovascular accident (stroke) EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Hypertension

b.
Diabetes mellitus

c.
Hyperlipidemia

d.
Asthma
d.
Asthma
The client indicates on the health history form that she has asthma. It may be recommended that she take any of the following medications EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Bronchodilator

b.
Prednisone

c.
Aspirin

d.
Triamicinolone
c.
Aspirin
On a health history form, a client indicates that his ankles swell, that he is short of breath after climbing one flight of stairs, and that he sleeps with two pillows. Which one of the following diseases should be suspected?

a.
Angina pectoris

b.
Hypertension

c.
Diabetes mellitus

d.
Congestive heart failure
d.
Congestive heart failure
All of the following are included in the "5 A's of smoking cessation" EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Ask

b.
Advice

c.
Admit

d.
Arrange

e.
Assess
c.
Admit
The byproducts from smoking are eliminated from the body by:

a.
Exhaling

b.
Liver metabolism

c.
Lung absorption

d.
Blood dissemination
b.
Liver metabolism
Symptoms of nicotine addiction include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Depression

b.
Anxiety

c.
Decreased appetite

d.
Irritability
c.
Decreased appetite
The abuse of alcohol by a pregnant woman can cause all of the following to the fetus EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Low birth weight

b.
Mental illness

c.
Spontaneous abortion

d.
Fetal alcohol syndrome
b.
Mental illness
What is the MOST likely cause of early childhood caries (ECC)?

a.
Frequent intake of milk or juice in baby bottles and or prolonged breast feeding

b.
Too early introduction of solid foods

c.
Early tooth eruption into the child's mouth

d.
Excessive alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy
a.
Frequent intake of milk or juice in baby bottles and or prolonged breast feeding
Which teeth are MOST affected when a child has ECC?

a.
Primary maxillary anterior

b.
Permanent maxillary anterior

c.
Primary mandibular anterior

d.
Permanent mandibular anterior
a.
Primary maxillary anterior
All of the following can decrease the effectiveness of a topical anesthetic agent EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Degree of keratinization

b.
Thickness of epithelium

c.
Client nervousness

d.
Presence of saliva
c.
Client nervousness
Older adults are at an increased risk for root caries because of all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Exposed root surfaces

b.
Biofilm retention

c.
Xerostomia

d.
High protein diet
d.
High protein diet
All of the following are considered common upper respiratory infections EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Asthma

b.
Laryngitis

c.
Rhinitis

d.
Tonsillitis
a.
Asthma
The prevalence and severity of periodontal disease increases with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The presence of uncontrolled diabetes increases dental caries risk as a result of reduced saliva secretion and increased glucose in saliva.

a.
Both statements are TRUE

b.
Both statements are FALSE

c.
The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE

d.
The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE
a.
Both statements are TRUE
Handwashing is the MOST effective strategy in the prevention of:

a.
Environmental surface infection

b.
Instrument contamination

c.
Infection and disease transmission

d.
Occupational hazards
c.
Infection and disease transmission
Xerostomia is a common oral manifestation accompanying:

a.
Rheumatic heart disease

b.
Asthmatic attack

c.
Chronic alcoholism

d.
Controlled diabetic mellitus
c.
Chronic alcoholism
The knowledge, skills and ability to provide oral health care effectively to people who are culturally different from oneself is known as:

a.
Ethnicity

b.
Cognitive learning

c.
Nonverbal communication

d.
Cultural competence
d.
Cultural competence
The administration of oxygen is indicated in most medical emergencies. In which of the following is oxygen NOT indicated?

a.
Hyperglycemia

b.
Hyperventilation

c.
Syncope

d.
Asthma
b.
Hyperventilation
A face shield does not replace the need for other forms of protective eyewear. Face shields do not provide the same respiratory protection as provided by face masks.

a.
Both statements are TRUE

b.
Both statements are FALSE

c.
The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE

d.
The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE
d.
The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE
All of the following are steps indicated when a curet tip breaks during periodontal débridement EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?

a.
Placing the client in a supine position

b.
Examining the mucobuccal fold and floor of mouth

c.
Taking a radiograph to locate the tip

d.
Gently instrumenting the pocket to locate the tip
a.
Placing the client in a supine position
Which one of the following is MOST characteristic of a dull instrument?

a.
Decreased tactile sensitivity

b.
Less working time involved

c.
Light grasp required

d.
Decreased pressure on tooth
a.
Decreased tactile sensitivity
Pain associated with dentinal hypersensitivity can BEST be described as:

a.
Constant pain

b.
Transient pain

c.
Intermittent pain

d.
Severe pain
b.
Transient pain
All of the following are contraindicated for polishing/selective polishing EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Implants

b.
Decay

c.
Amalgam

d.
Porcelain
c.
Amalgam
To comply with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) statutes regarding the disposal of infectious waste, health care workers need to:

a.
Discard blood disposables in a biohazard container

b.
Separate regular waste from biohazard waste

c.
Discard blood disposables in regular waste containers

d.
Place all waste in a biohazard container
a.
Discard blood disposables in a biohazard container
Nitroglycerin is the medication that is usually used to relieve the symptoms of:

a.
Asthma

b.
Congestive heart failure

c.
Chronic hypertension

d.
Angina pectoris
d.
Angina pectoris
Emergency care of a client who is experiencing an epileptic seizure includes all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Placing a bite-block in the mouth to avoid fracturing of teeth

b.
Lowering the dental chair to the horizontal position

c.
Monitoring vital signs

d.
Summoning help from other staff
a.
Placing a bite-block in the mouth to avoid fracturing of teeth
All of the following are appropriate treatment modifications for an individual with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Placing chair in upright position

b.
Avoiding the use of rubber dam

c.
Administering high-flow oxygen

d.
Avoiding the use of nitrous oxide-oxygen conscious sedation
c.
Administering high-flow oxygen
Which of the following treatment considerations is acceptable for myasthenia gravis?

a.
Using air polishing

b.
Avoiding fluoride therapy

c.
Scheduling short morning appointments

d.
Using ultrasonic scalers
c.
Scheduling short morning appointments
The following vital signs are taken and recorded: pulse: 86 beats per minute (beats/min); respiration: 16 respirations per minute; blood pressure: 138/88 mm Hg. From these readings, which of the following conclusions is MOST accurate?

a.
Pulse is elevated

b.
Vitals are within normal limits

c.
Blood pressure should be classified as prehypertensive

d.
Systolic pressure is borderline low
c.
Blood pressure should be classified as prehypertensive
During an oral assessment, both the appearance and the ability of Stensen's ducts to function adequately are examined while palpating the:

a.
Buccal mucosa

b.
Floor of the mouth

c.
Mucobuccal fold

d.
Palate
a.
Buccal mucosa
A tooth desensitizing agent is applied continually:

a.
For 5 minutes

b.
For 20 minutes

c.
According to manufacturer's instruction

d.
Until the dispenser is emptied
c.
According to manufacturer's instruction
By what percentage is the blade of a "mini" five instrument shorter than a traditional instrument?

a.
30%

b.
40%

c.
50%

d.
The blades are the same size
c.
50%
Through which of the following routes is tuberculosis usually transmitted?

a.
Fecal-oral

b.
Contaminated water

c.
Congenital

d.
Inhalation
d.
Inhalation
All of the following are true regarding the progression of inflammation by way of the periodontal ligament space EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Uneven bone loss

b.
Vertical bone loss

c.
Progression caused by weakened fiber bundles

d.
Cancellous bone being destroyed first
d.
Cancellous bone being destroyed first
Periodontal pathogens are transmissible within families, and research suggests that certain individuals have a genetic susceptibility to the disease. However, there is evidence that periodontal infections are contagious.

a.
Both statements are TRUE

b.
Both statements are FALSE

c.
The first statement is TRUE, and the second is FALSE

d.
The first statement is FALSE, and the second is TRUE
c.
The first statement is TRUE, and the second is FALSE
All of the following are types of subgingival plaque EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Unattached plaque

b.
Tooth-attached plaque

c.
Connective tissue-attached plaque

d.
Epithelial tissue-attached plaque
c.
Connective tissue-attached plaque
The purpose of extracellular slime layer found on biofilms is to:

a.
Protect microcolonies from antibiotics and antimicrobials

b.
Protect microcolonies from sessile, mushroom-shaped bacteria

c.
Allow chemical signals to communicate with other bacteria

d.
Allow host defenses to initiate immunity
a.
Protect microcolonies from antibiotics and antimicrobials
A 25-year-old man with a history of gingivitis is assessed at his 6-month recare appointment. Which of the following clinical signs will MOST likely confirm that his condition has progressed to periodontitis?

a.
Loss of clinical attachment

b.
Bleeding on probing

c.
Change in gingival color

d.
Inflamed gingival tissues
a.
Loss of clinical attachment
A client's probing depths are 4, 4, 4 on tooth #6 facial. The gingival margin is 2 mm apical to the CEJ, and the mucogingival line is 3 mm apical to the gingival margin. What is the MOST likely periodontal diagnosis?

a.
Gingival hyperplasia

b.
Gingival pocket

c.
Long, junctional epithelium

d.
Mucogingival involvement
d.
Mucogingival involvement
Reduction in probing depth following periodontal debridement is generally caused by:

a.
Bone growth

b.
Formation of a long junctional epithelium

c.
New cementum formation

d.
Reattachment of periodontal ligament fibers
d.
Reattachment of periodontal ligament fibers
Full thickness periodontal flaps are commonly used in surgical procedures because they:

a.
Allow harvesting of connective tissue from the palatal donor site

b.
Expose gingival connective tissue

c.
Provide access to tooth roots and alveolar bone

d.
Remove excess gingival tissue
c.
Provide access to tooth roots and alveolar bone
An osseo-integrated implant is expected to have the following relationship to bone:

a.
Hemidesmosomes and basal lamina attachment

b.
Functional ankylosis

c.
Periodontal ligament attachment

d.
Connective tissue fiber insertion into the implant surface
b.
Functional ankylosis
Which of the following types of periodontal therapies heals by repair or "scar"?

a.
Root debridement

b.
Osseous surgery

c.
Guided tissue regeneration

d.
Connective tissue graft
d.
Connective tissue graft
What is the IDEAL situation for guided tissue regeneration surgery?

a.
Formation of a long junctional epithelium

b.
Regeneration of cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone

c.
Epithelial tissue covering the wound area

d.
Keratinization of the gingiva
b.
Regeneration of cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone
One indication for performing a gingivectomy is a(an):

a.
Infrabony pocket

b.
Muco-gingival defect

c.
Gingival overgrowth

d.
Root sensitivity
c.
Gingival overgrowth
Which of the following phrases regarding healing after periodontal surgery defines the reunion of the connective tissue and root that have been separated by incision or injury but not by disease?

a.
Healing by repair

b.
Healing by reattachment

c.
Healing by new attachment

d.
Healing by regeneration
b.
Healing by reattachment
Locally applied antimicrobials (LAA) used in conjunction with periodontal debridement for pocket reduction is preferred over antibiotics administered by mouth because LAA's:

a.
Deliver antibiotics systemically

b.
Reduce dentinal hypersensitivity

c.
Suppress the host response

d.
Provide a steady release of the drug in the pocket
d.
Provide a steady release of the drug in the pocket
Incisional periodontal surgery is also referred to as:

a.
Gingivectomy

b.
Periodontal flap surgery

c.
Gingivoplasty

d.
Muco-gingival surgery
b.
Periodontal flap surgery
One of the objectives of periodontal maintenance is to minimize the recurrence and progression of periodontal disease. The frequency of periodontal maintenance care visits decrease when the self-care practices of clients are less than optimal.

a.
Both statements are TRUE

b.
Both statements are FALSE

c.
The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE

d.
The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE
c.
The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE
Which of the following findings would indicate failed dental implantation?

a.
Implant mobility

b.
Absence of bleeding

c.
Periodontal implant support

d.
Stable bone level height
a.
Implant mobility
When treating a client who is on an implant maintenance regimen, it is crucial that the dental hygienist use:

a.
Stainless steel or carbon-tipped curets

b.
Nonplastic or non-Teflon-coated probes

c.
Sonic and ultrasonic scalers

d.
Plastic instrument curets
d.
Plastic instrument curets
Which one of the following client factors is an indication for a dental implant?

a.
Poor quality and density of bone

b.
Osteoporosis

c.
Severe malocclusion

d.
Single missing tooth
d.
Single missing tooth
Dental sealants are indicated for placement in pit and fissures with incipient carious lesions. They are also indicated for placement in caries-free pits and fissures.

a.
Both statements are TRUE

b.
Both statements are FALSE

c.
First statement is TRUE, and second statement is FALSE

d.
First statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE
a.
Both statements are TRUE
All of the following are contraindications to dental sealant application EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Presence of proximal decay

b.
Dry field can be obtained

c.
Previously restored tooth

d.
Primary tooth near exfoliation
b.
Dry field can be obtained
When evaluating the results of pit and fissure sealant placement, the dental hygienist should do all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Flossing the client's teeth to ensure contacts are free of sealant material

b.
Drying the client's teeth and using an explorer to look for surface voids

c.
Determine if high spots are present by checking with articulating paper

d.
Inserting the curet under the gingival margin to confirm that the sealant material is not in the sulcus
a.
Flossing the client's teeth to ensure contacts are free of sealant material
All of the following antimicrobial agents can be delivered via a cannula into the client's periodontal pocket EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?

a.
Metronidazole gel

b.
Minocycline hydrochloride

c.
Doxycycline hyclate

d.
Chlorhexidine chip
d.
Chlorhexidine chip
If a child accidentally ingests a toxic quantity of fluoride, the hygienist should FIRST:

a.
Induce vomiting by physical or chemical means

b.
Force fluids to dilute the fluoride concentration

c.
Have the child eat high-fiber foods to speed the elimination of the fluoride

d.
Have the child drink a sodium bicarbonate solution to neutralize the toxicity of the fluoride
a.
Induce vomiting by physical or chemical means
The type of fluoride recommended as a 1.1% (5000 parts per million [ppm]) preparation intended to be brushed on daily is:

a.
Sodium fluoride (NaF)

b.
Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF)

c.
Stannous fluoride (SnF2)

d.
Monofluorophosphate
a.
Sodium fluoride (NaF)
Approximately what concentration of fluoride do MOST commercially available dentrifices have?

a.
1000 ppm

b.
100,000 ppm

c.
10%

d.
4%
a.
1000 ppm
When a product has "substantivity," it has

a.
To be effective over an extended period with the retention of its potency

b.
To stay in the oral cavity after exposure to the agent

c.
To have binders and filters added to give it more substance

d.
To be bound to the pellicle and tooth surface
a.
To be effective over an extended period with the retention of its potency
Approximately how many parts per million of fluoride does a recommended low-potency, over-the-counter fluoride mouthrinse contain?

a.
9000

b.
500

c.
1000

d.
250
d.
250
Which of the following oral tissues provides sensation or proprioception to the individual with regard to the forces placed on the tooth?

a.
Pulp

b.
Dentin

c.
Periodontium

d.
Gingival tissue
a.
Pulp
For better retention and a longer-lasting sealant, it is best to apply the dental sealant material to ________ quadrant(s) at a time.

a.
One

b.
Two

c.
Three

d.
Four
a.
One
The chemical composition of both plaster and dental stone is:

a.
Calcium chlorate dihydrate

b.
Potassium sulfate

c.
Calcium sulfate hemihydrate

d.
Potassium alginate
c.
Calcium sulfate hemihydrate
When mixing alginate material, if warm water is used, it will:

a.
Shorten the gelation time

b.
Lengthen the gelation time

c.
Make the mix unusable

d.
Increase the voids in the impression
a.
Shorten the gelation time
All of the following conditions are contraindications for dental implant placement EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Recurrent dental caries

b.
Poor oral hygiene

c.
Uncontrolled diabetes

d.
Substance abuse
a.
Recurrent dental caries
The final setting time for study model gypsum products is:

a.
15 to 30 minutes

b.
30 to 45 minutes

c.
45 to 90 minutes

d.
90 to 120 minutes
c.
45 to 90 minutes
The primary goal of infection control when handling and disinfecting impressions, dentures, and appliances is to:

a.
Protect the client from laboratory personnel

b.
Protect laboratory personnel from the client

c.
Prevent cross-contamination

d.
Prevent contamination of equipment in the dental laboratory
c.
Prevent cross-contamination
The American Dental Hygienists' Association (ADHA) and the Canadian Dental Hygienists' Association (CDHA) have established codes of ethics. These codes encourage all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
Ethical expectations of the dental hygienist by the public

b.
Overseeing the responsibilities of the dentist

c.
Professional and ethical consciousness

d.
Professional judgment and conduct
b.
Overseeing the responsibilities of the dentist
Veracity is an ethical principle of dental hygiene. Veracity is BEST reflected in the word:

a.
Pleasant

b.
Truthful

c.
Effective

d.
Nonmalice
b.
Truthful
Law is divided into three categories-labor, civil and criminal. Criminal law is law established for preventing harm against society and describes a criminal act and its appropriate punishment.

a.
Both statements are TRUE

b.
Both statements are FALSE

c.
The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE

d.
The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE
b.
Both statements are FALSE
What type of breach occurs if the dental hygienist discusses an adult client's dental condition with her mother and the identity of the client is revealed?

a.
Informed consent

b.
Confidentiality

c.
Defamation

d.
Statute of limitations
b.
Confidentiality
Jurisprudence is defined as:

a.
Breach of contract

b.
Malpractice

c.
Philosophy or science of law

d.
Jury deliberation
c.
Philosophy or science of law
The term for written defamation of character is:

a.
Slander

b.
Libel

c.
Breach of contract

d.
Assault
b.
Libel
The term for verbal defamation of character is:

a.
Slander

b.
Libel

c.
Breach of contract

d.
Battery
a.
Slander
It is not the dental hygienists legal and ethical responsibility to assess and document client information during the dental hygiene visit. Nor is it the responsibility of the dental hygienist to inform the dentist if he or she is concerned about the quality of the dentist's work in an edifying way.

a.
Both statements are TRUE

b.
Both statements are FALSE

c.
The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE

d.
The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE
b.
Both statements are FALSE
If a client decides to sue a dentist for improper placement of an amalgam restoration, this is considered a category of law called:

a.
Torts

b.
Accidentals

c.
Abandonments

d.
Defamation
a.
Torts
When restorations are not properly placed in a client's mouth, the dentist is not meeting the profession's:

a.
Licensure

b.
Accreditation

c.
Supervision

d.
Standard of care
d.
Standard of care
Dental and dental hygiene practice acts are enacted to protect the:

a.
Profession

b.
Public

c.
Dental hygienist

d.
Dentist
b.
Public
Agreement between states for recognition of dental hygiene licensure to practice in those respective states is referred to as:

a.
Reciprocity

b.
Endorsement

c.
Licensure by examination

d.
Licensure by waiver
a.
Reciprocity
If a dental hygienist's license to practice dental hygiene is in jeopardy, the dental hygienist must first be given notice of the violation, a hearing, and an opportunity to respond before license revocation or suspension. This is an example of:

a.
Equal protection

b.
Tort law

c.
Due process

d.
Statute of limitations
c.
Due process
A health care providers' code of ethical conduct that focuses on client needs, encourages informed choice, and provides for quality care is a referred to as the:

a.
Code of ethics

b.
Oath of Hippocrates

c.
Principles of medical ethics

d.
Patient's bill of rights
d.
Patient's bill of rights
It is the dental hygienist's responsibility not to use treatment to injure or wrong the client, i.e., inflicting no harm. This provider's duty is referred to as:

a.
Nonmaleficence

b.
Beneficence

c.
Fidelity

d.
Veracity
a.
Nonmaleficence
What type of supervision occurs when a licensed dentist authorizes dental hygiene procedures and remains in the dental facility while those procedures are being performed?

a.
General

b.
Direct

c.
Indirect

d.
Personal
c.
Indirect
Most law suits are caused by poor communication; therefore, it is paramount to treat patients with concern, honesty, and respect, reducing the likelihood of lawsuits.

a.
Both statements and the reason are correct and related

b.
Both the statements and the reason are correct but not related

c.
The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct

d.
Neither the statement nor the reason is correct
a.
Both statements and the reason are correct and related
Test items #177 to 186 refer to the following testlet: A state-hired full-time public health dentist and dental hygienist are responsible for collecting data on the dental plaque rates of elementary school-aged children. Correlational studies are planned to determine strength of data between genders and among geographical locations of the elementary schools. It was decided to screen children in grades K, 2, 4, and 6 within 25 schools throughout the state. The 25 schools were chosen on the basis of geographic locations and number of students enrolled. All students within each of the chosen grades would be part of the study. Three other public health dental hygienists were hired part time to help in the data collection process. When data collection was completed, analyzed, and interpreted, the public health dentist and the dental hygienist would decide on an oral health program to best meet the needs of the elementary school-aged children of the state. What type of epidemiologic study is exemplified by this research?

a.
Retrospective cohort

b.
Cross-sectional

c.
Case-control

d.
Prospective cohort

e.
Experimental
b.
Cross-sectional
Test items #177 to 186 refer to the following testlet: A state-hired full-time public health dentist and dental hygienist are responsible for collecting data on the dental plaque rates of elementary school-aged children. Correlational studies are planned to determine strength of data between genders and among geographical locations of the elementary schools. It was decided to screen children in grades K, 2, 4, and 6 within 25 schools throughout the state. The 25 schools were chosen on the basis of geographic locations and number of students enrolled. All students within each of the chosen grades would be part of the study. Three other public health dental hygienists were hired part time to help in the data collection process. When data collection was completed, analyzed, and interpreted, the public health dentist and the dental hygienist would decide on an oral health program to best meet the needs of the elementary school-aged children of the state. Which of the following is characteristic of the type of sampling used to collect these data?

a.
Simple random

b.
Stratified

c.
Systematic

d.
Convenience
b.
Stratified
Test items #177 to 186 refer to the following testlet: A state-hired full-time public health dentist and dental hygienist are responsible for collecting data on the dental plaque rates of elementary school-aged children. Correlational studies are planned to determine strength of data between genders and among geographical locations of the elementary schools. It was decided to screen children in grades K, 2, 4, and 6 within 25 schools throughout the state. The 25 schools were chosen on the basis of geographic locations and number of students enrolled. All students within each of the chosen grades would be part of the study. Three other public health dental hygienists were hired part time to help in the data collection process. When data collection was completed, analyzed, and interpreted, the public health dentist and the dental hygienist would decide on an oral health program to best meet the needs of the elementary school-aged children of the state. The MOST appropriate index to use to measure the plaque rate of these children is:

a.
DMTF/DEFT

b.
CPITN

c.
OHI-S

d.
PHP
c.
OHI-S
Test items #177 to 186 refer to the following testlet: A state-hired full-time public health dentist and dental hygienist are responsible for collecting data on the dental plaque rates of elementary school-aged children. Correlational studies are planned to determine strength of data between genders and among geographical locations of the elementary schools. It was decided to screen children in grades K, 2, 4, and 6 within 25 schools throughout the state. The 25 schools were chosen on the basis of geographic locations and number of students enrolled. All students within each of the chosen grades would be part of the study. Three other public health dental hygienists were hired part time to help in the data collection process. When data collection was completed, analyzed, and interpreted, the public health dentist and the dental hygienist would decide on an oral health program to best meet the needs of the elementary school-aged children of the state. To gain the support of the principals of all these elementary schools, the dentist and dental hygienist decided to meet with each of the 25 school boards. Who should be invited to attend this board meeting?

a.
Board of education members only

b.
Board of education members and the school principals

c.
Board of education members, the school principals, and the parents

d.
Board of education members, the school principals, the parents, and the elementary school children
c.
Board of education members, the school principals, and the parents
Test items #177 to 186 refer to the following testlet: A state-hired full-time public health dentist and dental hygienist are responsible for collecting data on the dental plaque rates of elementary school-aged children. Correlational studies are planned to determine strength of data between genders and among geographical locations of the elementary schools. It was decided to screen children in grades K, 2, 4, and 6 within 25 schools throughout the state. The 25 schools were chosen on the basis of geographic locations and number of students enrolled. All students within each of the chosen grades would be part of the study. Three other public health dental hygienists were hired part time to help in the data collection process. When data collection was completed, analyzed, and interpreted, the public health dentist and the dental hygienist would decide on an oral health program to best meet the needs of the elementary school-aged children of the state. If it is decided that future services will be provided in the state that are directed toward the initial stages of disease pathogenesis, what stage of disease pathogenesis do these services exemplify?

a.
Primary

b.
Secondary

c.
Tertiary

d.
Quaternary
b.
Secondary
Test items #177 to 186 refer to the following testlet: A state-hired full-time public health dentist and dental hygienist are responsible for collecting data on the dental plaque rates of elementary school-aged children. Correlational studies are planned to determine strength of data between genders and among geographical locations of the elementary schools. It was decided to screen children in grades K, 2, 4, and 6 within 25 schools throughout the state. The 25 schools were chosen on the basis of geographic locations and number of students enrolled. All students within each of the chosen grades would be part of the study. Three other public health dental hygienists were hired part time to help in the data collection process. When data collection was completed, analyzed, and interpreted, the public health dentist and the dental hygienist would decide on an oral health program to best meet the needs of the elementary school-aged children of the state. The evaluation of a dental health program that will be implemented in these elementary schools should be PRIMARILY concerned with:

a.
Program effectiveness in reducing plaque scores

b.
Number of children participating in the program

c.
Public support of the program

d.
Cost analysis of program costs
a.
Program effectiveness in reducing plaque scores
Test items #177 to 186 refer to the following testlet: A state-hired full-time public health dentist and dental hygienist are responsible for collecting data on the dental plaque rates of elementary school-aged children. Correlational studies are planned to determine strength of data between genders and among geographical locations of the elementary schools. It was decided to screen children in grades K, 2, 4, and 6 within 25 schools throughout the state. The 25 schools were chosen on the basis of geographic locations and number of students enrolled. All students within each of the chosen grades would be part of the study. Three other public health dental hygienists were hired part time to help in the data collection process. When data collection was completed, analyzed, and interpreted, the public health dentist and the dental hygienist would decide on an oral health program to best meet the needs of the elementary school-aged children of the state. Calculation of the plaque score index resulted in an overall mean score of 2.75 on a scale of 0 to 3. The MOST effective approach to improve the plaque scores of elementary students in this state is to:

a.
Reinforce brushing techniques already practiced by the children

b.
Educate the parents on proper oral hygiene habits at home

c.
Initiate a 2-year plaque control program in elementary schools

d.
Provide information on dental disease progression to teachers
c.
Initiate a 2-year plaque control program in elementary schools
Test items #177 to 186 refer to the following testlet: A state-hired full-time public health dentist and dental hygienist are responsible for collecting data on the dental plaque rates of elementary school-aged children. Correlational studies are planned to determine strength of data between genders and among geographical locations of the elementary schools. It was decided to screen children in grades K, 2, 4, and 6 within 25 schools throughout the state. The 25 schools were chosen on the basis of geographic locations and number of students enrolled. All students within each of the chosen grades would be part of the study. Three other public health dental hygienists were hired part time to help in the data collection process. When data collection was completed, analyzed, and interpreted, the public health dentist and the dental hygienist would decide on an oral health program to best meet the needs of the elementary school-aged children of the state. After calculating the results of the correlation test between geographic location and plaque scores, the correlation coefficient was 0.26. This relationship between these two variables is:

a.
Weak

b.
Moderate

c.
Strong

d.
Not correlated
a.
Weak
Test items #177 to 186 refer to the following testlet: A state-hired full-time public health dentist and dental hygienist are responsible for collecting data on the dental plaque rates of elementary school-aged children. Correlational studies are planned to determine strength of data between genders and among geographical locations of the elementary schools. It was decided to screen children in grades K, 2, 4, and 6 within 25 schools throughout the state. The 25 schools were chosen on the basis of geographic locations and number of students enrolled. All students within each of the chosen grades would be part of the study. Three other public health dental hygienists were hired part time to help in the data collection process. When data collection was completed, analyzed, and interpreted, the public health dentist and the dental hygienist would decide on an oral health program to best meet the needs of the elementary school-aged children of the state. The mean of the correlation between geographic location and plaque scores was compared with the mean of the correlation between gender and plaque scores. What type of research analysis does this exemplify?

a.
Standard deviation

b.
Chi-square

c.
Students t-test

d.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
d.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
Test items #177 to 186 refer to the following testlet: A state-hired full-time public health dentist and dental hygienist are responsible for collecting data on the dental plaque rates of elementary school-aged children. Correlational studies are planned to determine strength of data between genders and among geographical locations of the elementary schools. It was decided to screen children in grades K, 2, 4, and 6 within 25 schools throughout the state. The 25 schools were chosen on the basis of geographic locations and number of students enrolled. All students within each of the chosen grades would be part of the study. Three other public health dental hygienists were hired part time to help in the data collection process. When data collection was completed, analyzed, and interpreted, the public health dentist and the dental hygienist would decide on an oral health program to best meet the needs of the elementary school-aged children of the state. Which of the following P levels associated with a test of significance would BEST indicate that the researcher's results were MOST likely caused by an independent variable rather than by chance occurrence?

a.
P = 0.01

b.
P = 0.001

c.
P = 0.01

d.
P = 0.001
d.
P = 0.001
Test items #187 to 193 refer to the following testlet: A Mission of Mercy (M.O.M.) event was planned for an urban city in a southern state of the United States. This 2-day event was designed to meet the critical needs of underserved people of all ages by providing free dental care to as many adults and children as time, volunteers, and supplies would allow. Local dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants, dental students, dental hygiene students, and dental assisting students volunteered for the event. Local politicians and two state representatives were also in attendance. Before receiving dental treatment, informed consent was required of all patients. A 10-question client survey was distributed, and volunteers reviewed each question with clients while the clients were completing the questionnaire. Confidential questions included information on age, gender, education, family income, address, and past dental experiences. At the end of each client's treatment and before each volunteer completed his or her shift, the client was asked to complete an evaluation survey. There was an 88% response rate, and 79% answered that their experience was positive. Which of the following information is provided to the participant before signing the informed consent?

a.
Guarantee of confidentiality to each client

b.
A review of the cost of each procedure

c.
The dental hygienists credentials

d.
M.O.M. statistics from other states
a.
Guarantee of confidentiality to each client
Test items #187 to 193 refer to the following testlet: A Mission of Mercy (M.O.M.) event was planned for an urban city in a southern state of the United States. This 2-day event was designed to meet the critical needs of underserved people of all ages by providing free dental care to as many adults and children as time, volunteers, and supplies would allow. Local dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants, dental students, dental hygiene students, and dental assisting students volunteered for the event. Local politicians and two state representatives were also in attendance. Before receiving dental treatment, informed consent was required of all patients. A 10-question client survey was distributed, and volunteers reviewed each question with clients while the clients were completing the questionnaire. Confidential questions included information on age, gender, education, family income, address, and past dental experiences. At the end of each client's treatment and before each volunteer completed his or her shift, the client was asked to complete an evaluation survey. There was an 88% response rate, and 79% answered that their experience was positive. The PRIMARY goal of this dental event was to:

a.
Provide free services to children and adults

b.
Educate the public on the prevention of dental disease

c.
Promote the need to seek future dental care

d.
Reduce the prevalence of dental disease
d.
Reduce the prevalence of dental disease
Test items #187 to 193 refer to the following testlet: A Mission of Mercy (M.O.M.) event was planned for an urban city in a southern state of the United States. This 2-day event was designed to meet the critical needs of underserved people of all ages by providing free dental care to as many adults and children as time, volunteers, and supplies would allow. Local dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants, dental students, dental hygiene students, and dental assisting students volunteered for the event. Local politicians and two state representatives were also in attendance. Before receiving dental treatment, informed consent was required of all patients. A 10-question client survey was distributed, and volunteers reviewed each question with clients while the clients were completing the questionnaire. Confidential questions included information on age, gender, education, family income, address, and past dental experiences. At the end of each client's treatment and before each volunteer completed his or her shift, the client was asked to complete an evaluation survey. There was an 88% response rate, and 79% answered that their experience was positive. All of the following are reasons for the success of the questionnaire data collection process EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a.
The questionnaire was limited to 10 questions

b.
Volunteers helped ensure clients' understanding of each question

c.
Responses to questions were indicated as confidential

d.
Participants were given a deadline to complete the questionnaire
d.
Participants were given a deadline to complete the questionnaire
Test items #187 to 193 refer to the following testlet: A Mission of Mercy (M.O.M.) event was planned for an urban city in a southern state of the United States. This 2-day event was designed to meet the critical needs of underserved people of all ages by providing free dental care to as many adults and children as time, volunteers, and supplies would allow. Local dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants, dental students, dental hygiene students, and dental assisting students volunteered for the event. Local politicians and two state representatives were also in attendance. Before receiving dental treatment, informed consent was required of all patients. A 10-question client survey was distributed, and volunteers reviewed each question with clients while the clients were completing the questionnaire. Confidential questions included information on age, gender, education, family income, address, and past dental experiences. At the end of each client's treatment and before each volunteer completed his or her shift, the client was asked to complete an evaluation survey. There was an 88% response rate, and 79% answered that their experience was positive. What type of data is information such as age, gender, education, family income, and address?

a.
Need

b.
Access

c.
Demographic

d.
Knowledge
c.
Demographic
Test items #187 to 193 refer to the following testlet: A Mission of Mercy (M.O.M.) event was planned for an urban city in a southern state of the United States. This 2-day event was designed to meet the critical needs of underserved people of all ages by providing free dental care to as many adults and children as time, volunteers, and supplies would allow. Local dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants, dental students, dental hygiene students, and dental assisting students volunteered for the event. Local politicians and two state representatives were also in attendance. Before receiving dental treatment, informed consent was required of all patients. A 10-question client survey was distributed, and volunteers reviewed each question with clients while the clients were completing the questionnaire. Confidential questions included information on age, gender, education, family income, address, and past dental experiences. At the end of each client's treatment and before each volunteer completed his or her shift, the client was asked to complete an evaluation survey. There was an 88% response rate, and 79% answered that their experience was positive. What type of evaluation is the feedback provided during this event?

a.
Process

b.
Formative

c.
Summative

d.
Ongoing
c.
Summative
Test items #187 to 193 refer to the following testlet: A Mission of Mercy (M.O.M.) event was planned for an urban city in a southern state of the United States. This 2-day event was designed to meet the critical needs of underserved people of all ages by providing free dental care to as many adults and children as time, volunteers, and supplies would allow. Local dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants, dental students, dental hygiene students, and dental assisting students volunteered for the event. Local politicians and two state representatives were also in attendance. Before receiving dental treatment, informed consent was required of all patients. A 10-question client survey was distributed, and volunteers reviewed each question with clients while the clients were completing the questionnaire. Confidential questions included information on age, gender, education, family income, address, and past dental experiences. At the end of each client's treatment and before each volunteer completed his or her shift, the client was asked to complete an evaluation survey. There was an 88% response rate, and 79% answered that their experience was positive. On the basis of the testlet's scenario, the M.O.M. event was designed to prevent future dental problems because the demand for dental care in this southern state is higher than the need for dental care.

a.
Both the statement and the reason are correct

b.
Both the statement and the reason are not correct

c.
The statement is correct, but the reason is not

d.
The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct
b.
Both the statement and the reason are not correct
Test items #187 to 193 refer to the following testlet: A Mission of Mercy (M.O.M.) event was planned for an urban city in a southern state of the United States. This 2-day event was designed to meet the critical needs of underserved people of all ages by providing free dental care to as many adults and children as time, volunteers, and supplies would allow. Local dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants, dental students, dental hygiene students, and dental assisting students volunteered for the event. Local politicians and two state representatives were also in attendance. Before receiving dental treatment, informed consent was required of all patients. A 10-question client survey was distributed, and volunteers reviewed each question with clients while the clients were completing the questionnaire. Confidential questions included information on age, gender, education, family income, address, and past dental experiences. At the end of each client's treatment and before each volunteer completed his or her shift, the client was asked to complete an evaluation survey. There was an 88% response rate, and 79% answered that their experience was positive. Dental health in populations such as the one treated by the M.O.M. Project is often neglected because of all of the following reasons EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?

a.
Self-perception of need

b.
Expense of provider services

c.
Undramatic nature of dental disease

d.
Lack of availability of preventive care
d.
Lack of availability of preventive care
Test items #194 to 200 refer to the following testlet: A university dental hygiene school received a state-funded grant to improve the oral health status of senior citizens in a rural area of the United States. The funding was for $50,000 over a 1-year period and covered expenses for salaries, equipment, supplies, and education. It was determined that high rates of root caries, root sensitivity, and gum disease were present in this population. The dental hygiene school decided to address these needs by implementing an oral health program in its clinic and to determine the effectiveness of two different types of desensitizing agents on treating root sensitivity. What is (are) the independent variable(s) in the study on the effectiveness of two different types of desensitizing agents on root sensitivity?

a.
Senior citizen population

b.
Root sensitivity

c.
Desensitizing agents

d.
Plaque scores
c.
Desensitizing agents
Test items #194 to 200 refer to the following testlet: A university dental hygiene school received a state-funded grant to improve the oral health status of senior citizens in a rural area of the United States. The funding was for $50,000 over a 1-year period and covered expenses for salaries, equipment, supplies, and education. It was determined that high rates of root caries, root sensitivity, and gum disease were present in this population. The dental hygiene school decided to address these needs by implementing an oral health program in its clinic and to determine the effectiveness of two different types of desensitizing agents on treating root sensitivity. The hypothesis for this study states, "There is no statistically significant difference between desensitizing agent A and desensitizing agent B in the treatment of root sensitivity." What type of hypothesis does this exemplify?

a.
Null

b.
Positive

c.
Research

d.
Standard
a.
Null
Test items #194 to 200 refer to the following testlet: A university dental hygiene school received a state-funded grant to improve the oral health status of senior citizens in a rural area of the United States. The funding was for $50,000 over a 1-year period and covered expenses for salaries, equipment, supplies, and education. It was determined that high rates of root caries, root sensitivity, and gum disease were present in this population. The dental hygiene school decided to address these needs by implementing an oral health program in its clinic and to determine the effectiveness of two different types of desensitizing agents on treating root sensitivity. During which of the following public health process stages is the final development of program goals and objectives done?

a.
Assessment

b.
Planning

c.
Implementation

d.
Evaluation
b.
Planning
Test items #194 to 200 refer to the following testlet: A university dental hygiene school received a state-funded grant to improve the oral health status of senior citizens in a rural area of the United States. The funding was for $50,000 over a 1-year period and covered expenses for salaries, equipment, supplies, and education. It was determined that high rates of root caries, root sensitivity, and gum disease were present in this population. The dental hygiene school decided to address these needs by implementing an oral health program in its clinic and to determine the effectiveness of two different types of desensitizing agents on treating root sensitivity. Four dental hygiene clinical instructors will document the client's response to each desensitizing agent. To ensure consistency of documentation among the four instructors, a calibration session is scheduled. This is an example of:

a.
Research consistency

b.
Data consistency

c.
Rater reliability

d.
Interpreter reliability
c.
Rater reliability
Test items #194 to 200 refer to the following testlet: A university dental hygiene school received a state-funded grant to improve the oral health status of senior citizens in a rural area of the United States. The funding was for $50,000 over a 1-year period and covered expenses for salaries, equipment, supplies, and education. It was determined that high rates of root caries, root sensitivity, and gum disease were present in this population. The dental hygiene school decided to address these needs by implementing an oral health program in its clinic and to determine the effectiveness of two different types of desensitizing agents on treating root sensitivity. The data collection instrument chosen to measure the effect of the desensitizing agent on root sensitivity has been used successfully before and published in the Journal of Dental Hygiene. This indicates that the instrument is:

a.
Reliable

b.
Valid

c.
Systematic

d.
Correctional
b.
Valid
Test items #194 to 200 refer to the following testlet: A university dental hygiene school received a state-funded grant to improve the oral health status of senior citizens in a rural area of the United States. The funding was for $50,000 over a 1-year period and covered expenses for salaries, equipment, supplies, and education. It was determined that high rates of root caries, root sensitivity, and gum disease were present in this population. The dental hygiene school decided to address these needs by implementing an oral health program in its clinic and to determine the effectiveness of two different types of desensitizing agents on treating root sensitivity. The local dental hygienists' association offered its services to provide educational sessions to the senior citizens. During these educational sessions, toothbrushes, dental floss, floss threaders, and denture brushes were made available for distribution. The distribution of dental products as part of a dental health program for senior citizens is indicative of:

a.
Health promotion

b.
Health prevention

c.
Disease promotion

d.
Disease prevention
a.
Health promotion
Test items #194 to 200 refer to the following testlet: A university dental hygiene school received a state-funded grant to improve the oral health status of senior citizens in a rural area of the United States. The funding was for $50,000 over a 1-year period and covered expenses for salaries, equipment, supplies, and education. It was determined that high rates of root caries, root sensitivity, and gum disease were present in this population. The dental hygiene school decided to address these needs by implementing an oral health program in its clinic and to determine the effectiveness of two different types of desensitizing agents on treating root sensitivity. The local dental hygienists' association is planning to educate the senior citizens about the presentation and treatment of root caries. Which of the following would be MOST effective for the seniors to retain the information?

a.
Review of topics presented in pamphlet

b.
Description of oral conditions and therapeutic strategies

c.
Presentation of PowerPoint slides and incorporation of the use of hand mirrors

d.
Having the seniors look at one another's mouth and describe what they see.
c.
Presentation of PowerPoint slides and incorporation of the use of hand mirrors

d.
Having the seniors look at one another's mouth and describe what they see.
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