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Chapter 6 Test

Terms in this set (31)

Where/When/How do we use music for life events?
-weddings
-graduations
-parties
-funerals
-birthday parties
-coming of age ceremonies
Why use music for funerals?
-create a mood
-pay tribute to the deceased (favorite hymn or song)
-provide "quiet" contemplation or moment of prayer
-celebrate the life of the deceased
-to ease the pain and grief felt by those left behind
The music itself can be determined by culture, family, or the deceased
-sad and poignant
-or triumphant and celebratory
What is a requiem?
-originally a mass for the dead from the Medieval Roman Catholic tradition
-follows an established structure used as a service (as opposed to a song)
-Protestant services have adapted the requiem (obviously do not use the "proper")
Who does the requiem honor?
-individuals who have passed
-those lost in mass (wars, accidental tragedies, meditated tragedies)
-composers confronting their own mortality
Where do we hear requiems?
-churches (during the service)
-concert halls
Why do we hear requiems in concert halls?
-some are just beautiful pieces of music fit for performance
-some have instrumentation most churches cannot handle (Verdi and Berlioz)
Requiems
-typically have 8 common texts; 2 most well-known (Dies trae and Pie jesu)
Dies trae
-the day of wrath
-held accountable for our sins
-composers unleash (apocalyptic)
Pie jesu
-merciful Jesus
-appeal for mercy for our transgressions
-softer, humble, reverent
Requiems are still composed today
Andrew Llyod Webber
Songs of Mourning
-can be hymns (It is Well with My Soul)
-can be "pop" solo artists (Tears in Heaven)
-can be full band (Last Kiss)
Which song for mourning is the most/least appropriate? Why?
None are more/least appropriate than another, it is an individual preference
Instrumental music is not as "literal" as choral music
-choral music has words
-instrumental music does not have words (creates mood)
-Program music
-Absolute music
Program Music
evokes extra musical ideas: elicit images or convey the impression of events (tries to by aurally descriptive)
Absolute Music
music for music's sake, non-representational; not about anything
Program music for mourning
Funeral march
Funeral March
-slow
-plodding
-usually in minor keys
-Chopin (romantic era)
Threnody
-song of lamentation (song of mourning)
-can utilize traditional or nontraditional musical elements (melody, harmony, rhythm, etc)
Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima by Penderecki
-no melody, harmony, rhythm
-uses tone clusters
Tone clusters
a literal cluster (close grouping) of notes
Music is not intended for mourning but has become associated with passing of life
-Adagio for Strings (Barber)
-played for passing of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1945)
Why do string players wiggle their hands when playing?
give depth to the tone
Vibrato
allows the pitch to "waiver" rather than a straight tone
Non-Western Music for Mourning
-West Africa
-Native American
-New Orleans Jazz Funeral
West Africa
-Dogon
-Dama
-believe that all rituals must be performed properly of the spirit or the deceased will not successfully cross over, and may remain on Earth and bring misfortune to their families
-Masks represent creation, Earth, animals, people known by the deceased, enemies, others who guide the deceased to the afterlife
-Music consists of drumming and chanting which centers on the life of the deceased and depicts the journey to the afterlife
Dogon
people of Mali, West Africa
Dama
collective name for all funeral rituals performed by the Dogon
Native American
-not organized as in Christianity, Islam, Judaism, or other organized religions
-many tribes: many customs stem from their own history
-one is the hoop dance (can be used for show or other purposes)
-music is drumming and chanting
Dixieland Jazz Funeral
-originally: procession to the cemetery is somber and reverent
-the walk back to town is celebratory
-stems from African slave brought to American where funerals were more about the celebration of the deceased's life
New Orleans Jazz Funeral
-Second Line (second lining)
-First line - casket, mourners, brass band
-second line - all others who join in behind
-second lining is also the "dance" in procession; strutting, parasol
-second line - parade not just for funeral services anymore
-you can go to a second line, be in a second line, and do the second line dance all at once
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