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Animal ScienceGenetics

Key Concepts:

Terms in this set (32)

cattle with the dominant polled gene
polled cattle
cattle with the recessive polled gene
horned cattle
Visual tool used in predicting genetics
Punnett Square
a specific pair of genes that code for the same trait
allele
the physical appearance of an organism
phenotype
The alleles that code for a certain phenotype
genotype
Two alleles that are the same
Homozygous
Two alleles that are different
Heterozygous
A genotype that is present in the phenotype in a heterozygote
Dominant gene
a genotype that is only present in a homozygote
Recessive gene
the study of heredity in organisms
genetics
DNA coiled up into structures before cell replication
Chromosome
The passing of genetic information from one generation to the next
heredity
Artificial Selection
Human control which animals reproduce based on presence of desirable characteristics
Natural Selection
"Survival of the Fittest"
Heritability
The percentage a trait is affected by the animal's Genetic information
Dairy Cattle Genetic Strenghts
Milk Production, Milk Components, Longevity
Beef Cattle Genetic Strenghts
Frame Size, Rib Eye Area, Growth Rates, Coat Color
Sheep Genetic Strenghts
Multiple Births, Wool Quality, Growth
Horses Genetic Strenghts
Structure, Size, Coat Color, Performance Abilities, Temperament
Pigs Genetic Strenghts
Litter Size, Growth Rate, Degree of Muscling
Dogs Genetic Strenghts
Correct Size, Correct Coat Texture and color, Correct Structure, Correct Purpose
Qualitative Traits
Controlled by a single pair of genes
Ca usually be observed visually
Quantitative Traits
Controlled by several pairs of genes
Can usually be measured
Estimated Progeny Difference
Indicates the genetic value of a specific sire compared to the average genetic value of it's breed
Common Dairy Cattle EPD's
Milk
CE
SCS
Common Beef Cattle EPD's
CED
BW
WW
CW
REA
Purebred
All animals are registered purebreds
Goal: Produce high quality of animals
Commercial
Breeding females are not purebred or registered
Crossbreeding
Mating animals of different breeds
Inbreeding
Mating closely related animals
Linebreeding
Mating related animals that skip a generation or are half siblings
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