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unit 5 History

Terms in this set (57)

Cabinet
A group of advisers to the president.
Bond
A financial security that represents a promise to repay a fixed amount of funds
Speculator
person who risks money in order to make a large profit
Agrarianism
philosophy that agriculture and owning land is the backbone of the economy.
Most- Favored Nation
policy between countries ensuring fair trading practices
Alien
Illegal Immigrant
Sedition
behavior that promotes rebellion or civil disorder against the state
Interposition
if one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer
Nullification
A state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional
Judicial Review
Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws
Embargo
A government order preventing trade with another country
Nationalism
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
War Hawks
A war hawk, or simply hawk for short, is a term used in politics for someone favoring war in a debate over whether to go to war, or whether to continue or escalate an existing war.
George Washington
First president of the United States
Thomas Jefferson
First Secretary of State
Alexander Hamilton
1st Secretary of the Treasury
Henry Knox
1st Secretary of War
Edmund Randolph
1st Attorney General
John Jay
1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, negotiated with British for Washington
James Madison
The War of 1812, the US declares war on Great Britain. In 1814, the British (technically the Canadians) set fire to the Capitol. The Treaty of Ghent ends the war in 1814., The fourth President of the United States
John Adams
...
John Marshall
U.S. Chief Supreme Court Justice. Oversaw over 1000 decisions, including Marbury v Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland.
Meriweather Lewis
Jefferson's personal secretary who accompanied William Clark in 1804 to explore the northern regions of the Lousiana Purchase .
William Clark
A skilled mapmaker and outdoorsman chosen to explore the Louisiana Territory
Sacagawea
A Shoshone woman whose language skills and knowledge of geography helped Lewis and Clark
Henry Clay
A northern American politician. He developed the American System as well as negotiated numerous compromises.
John C. Calhoun
7th Vice President of the United States and a leading Southern politician from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century
Tecumseh
A Shawnee chief who tried to unite Native American tribes
William Henry Harrison
governor of Indiana
Oliver Perry
United States commodore who led the fleet that defeated the British on Lake Erie during the War of 1812
Francis Scott Key
A washington lawyer who watched the all-night battle at Fort McHenry and showed his pride by writing what became the national anthem
Andrew Jackson
Indian removal act, nullification crisis, Old Hickory," first southern/ western president," President for the common man,"
What actions of the new federal government started and ended the Whisky Rebellion?
Washington sent 15,000 troops to stop rebellion, which stopped the war.
Describe the Tariff of 1789. Why did it anger Southern planters?
The tariff of 1789 was for people being taxed on goods that did not come from this country. It angered Southern planters because they did not make regular material goods such as tools. They desired a low tariff that would foster cheap consumer imports.
What precedents did George Washington set as the president of the United States?
George Washington had a cabinet with the president's advisors, which consisted of: secretary of state, secretary of the treasury, secretary of defense, and attorney general. Also a bank, tariff, and Supreme Court was established.
How did Alexander Hamilton contribute to the formation of the U.S. Government?
Alexander Hamilton proposed the Bank of the United States because he felt he needed a place to put all the money such as taxes and necessities. Congress at first did not have the power to create a bank. Today, almost everyone has bank account with them.
What was Jefferson's vision for the nation?
Jefferson did not really care about the government such as the Constitution.
Why did Madison object to Hamilton's plan for a national bank?
Madison objected to Hamilton's plan because he knew that power had no congress and it was not among the enumerated powers mentioned in the Constitution.
Explain the significance of Pinckney's Treaty
Pinckney's treaty allowed access to Mississippi River and Port of New Orleans, which increased trade.
What were the positive outcomes of Jay's treaty?
Jay's treaty promised the evacuation of the troops in the U.S. from the Revolution and it also prevented war with Britain.
What were the causes of the Quasi-War?
Causes of the Quasi war was because of complications between the U.S. during the French revolution and making peace with U.S. and England while England was in war with France.
How did the Alien and Sedition Acts interfere with the lives of Americans?
First, it prevented illegal immigrants to the U.S. and any speech made against the government can incite a rebellion. If you are a traitor, the army can arrest and if you were an alien, you can be deported from the country. From there, in the Veriginia/Kentucky resolutions, both states stood up to the federal government, Virginia did not follow laws, and Kentucky passed laws that reversed the act.
List the foreign policy challenges that Washington and Adams faced during their presidencies.
Washington had unsettled disputes with the British such as not vacating the Northwest Territories of troops. They signed Jay's treaty, which made it worse since that angered the French. He also wanted neutrality from the French Revolution. Adams supported U.S. intervention with France. This later ended up with a Quasi War (undeclared war) between U.S. and French.
Explain the significance of the Louisiana Purchase.
The Louisiana Purchase was purchase of the Louisiana Territory. It was sold to the U.S. at a very cheap price. Also it doubled the size of the U.S. After that, it created a buffer between the U.S. and European nations after this purchase.
Why did Napoleon sell Louisiana to the United States?
Napoleon had to fund the war between the British and France; it was impracticable to defend Louisiana Territory from invaders; and selling it would increase the power of the country.
What led to war with the Barbary States?
When Jefferson refused to pay and sent U.S. navy ships, war was declared and U.S. blockaded their ports. African Pirates also started attacking American ships and stole money
How did the Supreme Court decision in Marbury v Madison strengthen the federal judiciary?
When the Constitution conflicts with an act of legislature, the act is invalid, establishing power of judicial review, which has power to review every law.
List the causes and effects of the Embargo Act of 1807
American ships were no longer allowed to sail to sail to foreign ports and closed the American ports to British Ships. Official boycott led to Non-Intercourse Act. Mason's Bill #2 & non imposition acts led to banning trade with British and France.
Explain the significance of the Non-Intercourse Act, Hartford Convention, and Battle of Tippecanoe
The Battle of Tippecanoe officially declared the War of 1812 and that's when the British became allies with the U.S. The Non-Intercourse Act lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for British and French. It intended to destroy British and French economies. The Hartford Convention was to discuss the opposition between England. It condemned War of 1812 and had a list of suggestions to constitution that would favor republicans
Who were the leaders of the War Hawks and what were their beliefs regarding Britain?
Leaders of the War Hawks were Henry Clay and John C Calhoun. Both were Republicans. Both thought there were conflicts regarding trade and conflicts.
What was the outcome of Oliver Perry's attack on the British on Lake Erie?
It was a U.S. Victory because it forced Britain to abandon Detroit after their ship was no longer able to sail.
What happened in 1814 that enabled the British to focus on the war with the United States?
In 1814, the British won a victory at Washington D.C where they burned White House and Capitol by Napoleon. He later strategized by adopting an aggressive strategy, which was sending in large combat armies.
What did Tenskwatawa's death signify for the Native Americans of the Northwest Territories?
Tenskwatawa's death signified the end of United Indian Resistance against the Americans in the Northwest Territories.
List how Americans in the Northeast, South, and West felt about war with Great Britain.
The north- Didn't want war liked Britain
West and South- for war
Why was conquering Canada an important American goal in the War of 1812.
Conquering Canada was an important goal because Americans felt that taking Canada would punish Britain for its aggressive policies toward Americans.
What were the effects of the Battle of New Orleans?
The Battle of New Orleans increased American self-confidence and increased fame for Andrew Jackson as he led it. The Americans were also prepared and experienced.
How was the War of 1812 ended?
The War of 1812 ended with the Treaty of Ghent. No one really won the war and it ended in a draw. It later increased U.S. Prestige.
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