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astronomy test 2

Terms in this set (59)

The combination or archaeology and astronomy to provide insight into ancient cultures and their artifacts is called () This ancient device is used to measure angles in the sky for navigation purposes
Archaeoastronomy, Astrolabe
A pattern made by recording the position of a celestial object in the sky at the same time every day from the same location
Analemna
Give an example of an astronomical influence on a particular ancient culture
Stonehenge, Sun rises over Heel stone of Summer Solstice
The ideal that the Earth is the center of the universe is called
Geocentrism
A second century astronomer who developed the epicycle as a solution to retrograde motion
Ptolemy
An ancient book from which most of our knowledge of what our ancestors knew about astronomy composed by Ptolemy
Almagest
The man who formulated the first coherent heliocentric model of the solar system
Copernicus
Copernicus's book meant to replace the Almagest
De Revolutions
The inventor of the astronomical telescope and discoverer of free fall motion
Galileo
moon's terrestrial features mean the moon was earth like, the suns sunspots indicated rotation, Saturns ring, Jupiter has 4 moons centered in motion around it, the milky way has more stars at greater distances, and Venus has phases which means heliocentric
6 things galileo observed with his telescope
An intermediate model of the solar system in which the Earth occupied the center and the moon and sun orbited around it, but all the planets revolved around the sun
Tychonic Model
The builder of the Uraniborg and the most detailed visual astronomer of his era
Tycho Brahe
A German mathematician who worked out the three laws of planetary motion
Johannes Kepler
Briefly describe each of the laws of planetary motion
all orbits are ellipses with the center of mass at one focus, equal area in equal time, and period of orbit squared is proportional to the average distance of orbit cubed
This book is the first written defense of the Copernican System
Mysterium Cosmographicum
This is perhaps one of the most influential books ever written, containing in it the theory of calculus and the rules of mechanical physics
Principia Mathematica
The formulator of the Theory of Gravitation and one of the most accomplished scientists in history
Sir Isaac Newton
Science is primarily concerned with establishing the () and to do this it collects ()
facts, data
To establish how reliable the data collected and subsequent conclusions drawn from it is, science does () The mathematical technique of () is often employed
Error Analysis, statistics
This is a testable question
Hypothesis
A group of hypothesis and arguments that seek to explain a phenomena found in the natural world
Theory
What is required for a theory to hold true
no counter proof
The final evolution of a theory is
Law of Nature
This quality of an ellipse is a description of how circular or oval shaped it is
Eccentricity
The point of closet approach to the sun is called () and the orbital velocity of a celestial object around the sun at this point is ()
Perihelion, fastest
The point of farthest recession from the sun is called () and the orbital velocity of a celestial object around the sun at this point is ()
Aphelion, Slowest
Elliptical orbits are a type of () orbit while parabolic and hyperbolic orbits area a type of () orbit
bound, unbounded
The force of attraction between two masses is () proportional to the mass of those objects
Directly
The force of gravitation () exponentially as distance increases from a mass
reduces
Gravity can be described as a () of space and time
Curvature
Unit per unit, gravity is usually the () of the four fundamental forces, but with enough () it can become () than the others
Weakest, mass, overwhelming
When the force of gravitation is stronger on one side of an object than on the other, this creates a distortion of shape leading to the
Tidal Effect
What are the two tidal bulges associated with Earth
Lunar Tide, Solar Tide
Which lunar phases are associated with Neap tides
1st and 3rd Quarter
Which lunar phases are associated with Spring tides
Full and New Moon
This moon of Jupiter experiences a tidal resonance with Jupiter and its sister moons, making it more volcanic than it should be
Io
As the frequency of light increases, the wavelength
decreases
As the frequency of light increases, the energy
Increases
When white light is broken into its component colors by a prism, this is called
Dispersion
Light is both a () and a (), and this property is called()
particle, wave, duality
The speed of light is always
constant
Light is composed of () and () waves
electric, magnetic
The particle form of light is called a
Photon
Radio waves are in
galaxies and pulsars
Microwaves are in
cosmic Microwave Background
Radar is in
surface mapping of Venus
Infrared can be found in
protostars and planets
Visible light is
starlight
Ultraviolet light is
the chromosphere of the sun
X-rays are in
material falling into a black hole
Gamma rays are in
nuclear fusion
The use of multiple telescopes to improve the effective angular resolution of an image is a technique called
Interferometry
The ability of a telescope to bring out fine details and separate points of light in the sky is called the
Angular Resolution
The ratio of the image size to the object size in optics is called the
Magnification
The rainbow like halo caused by refractive dispersion in lenses is called
Chromatic Aberration
To correct chromatic aberration halo lenses will have an
Achromatic Coating
The ability of a telescope to harness light from distant objects is called the
Light Gathering Power
To display non-optical wavelengths in astronomy, a () must be used
False color imaging
The wavelengths of light that the atmosphere is transparent to are called
Atmospheric Windows
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