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Chapter 8: Political Geography Part 2

Terms in this set (36)

Allocational Boundary Dispute
A boundary dispute that involves conflicting claims to the natural resources of a border region.
Antecedent Boundaries
a boundary line established before an area is populated
Buffer State
A relatively small country sandwiched between two larger powers. The existence of buffer states may help to prevent dangerous conflicts between powerful countries
Centrifugal Forces
Forces that tend to divide a country.
Centripetal Forces
forces that tend to unite or bind a country together
Choke Point
a geographical feature on land such as a valley, defile or a bridge, or at sea such as a straight which an armed force is forced to pass, therefore greatly decreasing its combat, in order to reach its objective.
Common Wealth
self-governing entity in to a different nation (Canada and Australia); U.S. has common wealth such as U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, and American Samoa
Commonwealth Of Independent States (CIS)
Confederacy of independent states of the former Soviet Union that have united because of their common economic and administrative needs.
Confederation
A form of an international organization that brings several autonomous states together for a common purpose.
Definitional Boundary Disputes
Conflict over the language of the border agreement in a treaty or boundary contract
Delimitation
the translation of the written terms of a boundary treaty (the definition) into an official cartographic (map) representation.
Devolution
An effort to shirft responsibility of domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size & activites of the fed. govt; some states have attempted to shift responsibilities further to local govts
Enclave
an enclosed district, region, or area inhabited by a particular group of people or having a special character
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
area in which resources found up to 200 nautical miles offshore belong exclusively to the geographically bordering country
Heartland Theory
Hypothesis proposed by Halford MacKinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world.
High Seas
Areas of seas considered beyond territorial waters.
Imperialism
A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.
International Organizations
An alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with each other without giving up either's autonomy or self-determination.
Locational Boundary Disputes
These disputes arise when the definition of the border is not questioned but the interpretation of the border is.
Maritime
bordering on or living or characteristic of those near the sea
Maritime Boundaries
boundaries in the world's oceans.
Median Lines
an approach to dividing and creating boundaries at the midpoint between two places
Nation
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
Operational Boundary Disputes Organic Theory
Conflict over the way a boundary should operate or function, such as the conflict over allowing migration across the border
Perforated States
a state that completely surrounds another
Reapportionment
Process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people
Redistricting
The redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population.
Relic Boundary
A former boundary line that is still discernible and marked by some cultural landscape feature.
Religious Boundaries
boundary that separates different religions (Ex. Muslims are reorganized into Pakistan and Hindus into India.)
Rimland Theory
Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provide the base for world conquest
Stateless
A nationality that is not represented by a state.
State Morphology
size and shape of a state and what that means in national political life
Subsequent Boundaries
Boundary line established after an area has been settled that considers the social and cultural characteristics of the area
Superimposed Boundaries
boundary line drawn in an area ignoring the existing cultural pattern
Supranational Organization
A venture involving three or more nation-states involving formal political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives. The European Union is one such organization
Territorial Sea
states' territory extending 12 nautical miles (1 nautical mile = 1.15 statute miles) from the coast (since 1982); regarded as the sovereign territory of the state, although foreign ships (both military and civilian) are allowed innocent passage through it; this sovereignty also extends to the airspace over and seabed below.
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