Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Pathophysiology exam 5 part 1-renal

Terms in this set (100)

Functions of the Renal System
-Maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance

-Detoxifying the blood and eliminating wastes

-Regulating blood pressure

-Production of erythropoietin

-Activation of Vitamin D to facilitate absorption of calcium
Urinary system anatomy parts
1. Kidneys
2. Ureters
3. Bladder
4. Urethra
Renal Parenchyma 3 principles areas
1. Pelvis
-Large collecting area for urine

2. Medulla
-Pyramids

3. Cortex
-Glomeruli
-Nephron tubules
Nephron
Functioning unit of the kidney
nephron 3 major functions
1. Filtration of water soluble substances from the blood

2. Reabsorption of filtered nutrients, water, and electrolytes

3. Secretion of waste products
Glomerulus
-Site of fluid filtration from blood to the nephron

-Prevents passage of blood cells and proteins
Glomerulus is more or less permeable than other capillaries in the body
more
GFR
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
125 mL/min

Each glomeruli can regulate its own GFR
Effective as long as systolic BP 75-160

Main driving force-hydrostatic pressure

One of the most important factors is blood volume

Creatinine clearance is a good measure of GFR
Proximal convoluted tubule
-Reabsorbs about 2/3 of the filtered water and electrolytes

-Reabsorbs all of the nutrients, glucose, amino acids, bicarbonate ions, and vitamins
Loop of Henle-Descending loop
-Transports water

-Delivers concentrated filtrate to ascending loop
Loop of Henle-Ascending loop
-Actively transports Na+, Cl-, K+

-Increased interstitial osmolarity
Distal convoluted tubule
"Fine tune" of sodium and water reabsorption
-Angiotensin II
-Aldosterone

Secretes H+ & K+

Site from which filtrate enters the collecting tubule
Collecting tubule
Distal tubules empty into the single larger collecting tubule

Responds to antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Regulates secretion of acid

Merges into the larger collecting ducts

More than 99% of the original filtrate is reabsorbed by the time it reaches the renal pelvis. Creating 30-60 ml of concentrated urine per hour
Laboratory Measures
-Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
-Creatinine
-Urinalysis
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
-Normal value 10-20 mg/dL

-Indirect measure of overall hydration

-Also can reflect:
Diet
GI bleeding
Tissue breakdown
Sets with similar terms