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Agricultural Practices

Terms in this set (35)

What is the type of farming that relies on human labor and animal power to produce enough crops to feed a family?
traditional subsistence agriculture
What is a farming practice in which a plot of forest land is cleared, burned, and planted with a crop, and given a long allow period before refusing? (also referred to as Slash and Burn)
swidden agriculture
What is a resting period for a plot of farmland in which no crop is planted in order to allow soil nutrients to replenish?
fallow
What is a process of killing trees by removing a strip of bark around the tree's circumference to prevent flow of water and sugar?
tree girdling
What is a farming practice in which inputs (i.e., labor, manure, water) are increased to produce enough crops to feed a family and sell some for income?
traditional intensive agriculture
What is the farming practice primarily used in tropical, less-developed countries to grow cash crops mostly for export to more-developed countries?
plantation agriculture
What is the farming practice that relies on heavy equipment, financial capital, fossil fuels, water, synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides to produce monocultures for income?
industrialized agriculture
Monoculture is the cultivation of a __________ crop in large area and polyculture is the simultaneous growth of ___________ crops in a tract of land
single, multiple
What are some advantages of having monocultures?
1. can be planted over large areas
2. has the same planting time which is efficient
3. same soil preparation
4. easy application of same fertilizers and pesticides
What is a disadvantage of monocultures?
they are prone to large scale attack by pests specific to the crop
What are some disadvantages of polyculture?
1. requires different planting times
2. requires different soil preparation procedures which needs more labor
3. different pesticides for each crop
4. limited to smaller areas
5. can cause a variety of pests to show up
What is the process in which crop yields have been greatly increased via the use of fertilizers, pesticides to control pests, and genetic engineering?
green revolution
What are the 3 steps or contributors to the green revolution?
1. development of high-yield monocultures
2. use large inputs of water, fertilizer, and pesticides to achieve high yields
3. increase number of crops by using multiple cropping
What is the selective breeding of plants to produce a higher yield or a particular desired trait?
artificial selection
What is the deliberate modification of plant characteristics by manipulation of the plant's genes?
genetic engineering
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