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IB 140 Lecture Topic # 8: Human sex, gender, and sexual preference

Terms in this set (17)

Sex, Gender Identity, Gender Roles
-biological sex determination: XX (female), XY (male), etc...
-genitalia/reproductive anatomy is determined by chromosomes and hormones (and surgery)
-gender identity: a person's inner sense of being man, woman, both or neither; this internal identity may or may not be expressed outwardly, and may or may not correspond to one's physical characteristics
-gender role: outward expression of one's gender identity
Gender Identity, Gender Roles are influenced by:
continuous interaction of genetic, biological, psychological, environmental, social, religious, and economic influences from conception thru life
Savi et al Progress in brain Research, Vol 186, 2010
-Y chromosom SRY triggers cascade of genes which triggers formation of testes in week 6
-production of testosterone by the boy's testes is necessary for the differentiation of sexual organs between 6 and 12 weeks of pregnancy
-Dev of female sexual organs in the womb is primarily based on absence of androgen
Savic et al. Progress in brain Research, Vol 186, 2010
-Sexual differentiation of genitals takes place in the first two months of pregnancy
-sexual differentiation of the brain takes place in second half of pregnancy
-these two processes can be influenced independently, which may influence transgender orientations
-the degree of masculinization of genitals may be diff than the degree of masculinization of the brain
Savic et al. Progress in brain Research, Vol 186, 2010
-once differentiation of sexual organs is settled, the next thing that is differentiated is the brain, under the influence, mainly of sex hormones on the developing brain cells
-in puberty the brain circuits that dev in the womb are activated by sex hormones
Savic et al. Progress in brain Research, Vol 186, 2010
-the environment of dev neuron includes surrounding neurons, glial cells, hormones, nutrients, along w substance that enter the placenta
-the genetic code and these above factors have a lasting effect on the sexual differentiation of the brain
Gender expression
the manner in which a person outwardly represent gender, regardless of the physical characteristics that might typically define the individual as male or female
Transgender
person w gender identity diff from what is typically attributed to their biological sex
Bigender
tendency to move between feminine and masculine gender-typed behavior depending on context
Genderqueer
gender identities other than a man or a woman thus outside the gender binary
Pangender
ppl are those who do not wish to be labeled as female or male in gender as they feel that they do not fit into binary gender bc they feel they are all genders
Cisgender
gender consisten w biological sex
Gender identity/Sex roles
-androgyny: person w gender identity having both masculine and feminine characteristics
-transgender: person w gender identity diff from their biological sex
-polygender: ppl dont wish to be labeled as female or male in gender; feel they are multiple (but not necessarily all) genders
-pangender: ppl dont wish to be labeled as female or male in gender; feel they are all genders
-transvestite: person who dresses like person's diff from their biological sex
-transsexual: person who has undergone sexual reassignment surgery and/or hormonal treatment to change their genitalia and other secondary sex characterisitics
-intersex: persons whose gonads contain both ovarian and testicular tissue: these ppl may be XX, XY, XX/XY mosaic
Ardhanarishvara
is a composite androgynous form of the Hindu go Shiva and his consort Parvati
Gender Identity/Sex Roles
-homosexual: sexual attraction and act w members of same biological sex
-heterosexual: sexual attraction and act w members of opposite biological sex
-bisexual: sexual attraction and act w members of both biological sexes
-polysexual: attraction to multiple (but not necessarily all) genders and/or sexes
-pansexual: attraction to all genders and/or sexes
-asexual: lack of sexual attraction or interest in or desire for sex
-metrosexual: heterosexual man w strong attention to his appearance or lifestyle that displays attributes stereotypically associated w homosexual men
Transgender and transsexual
If a transgender XY person chooses to transition to feminize their appearance, the may receive estrogen and may also elect to have sexual reassignment surgery involving:
-orchidectomy (testes removal)
-surgical reconstruction of penile tissue
-vagina is created by making an opening in front of anus and lining it w skin from penis
-scrotum tissue is used to make labia
-penile erectile tissue is integrated into surgically constructed vulva and clitoris
-the erectile tissue and sensory tissue of the reconstructed genetalia can be functional
XY transsexuals may have vaginal sex w men
Transgender and transsexual
If a transgender XX person chooses to transition to masculinize their appearance, they may receive testosterone and may also elect to have sexual reassignment surgery involving:
-ovariectomy (removal or ovaries)
-penis can be constructed from vulvar skin, vulvar erectile tissue, and cartilage grafts
-sex change for XX transsexuals are more diff and less common than sex change operations for XY transsexuals
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