Bio chapter 40 and 47

Which of the following is an adult organism that has fewer than 1000 cells?
A. Humans
B. Fruit flies
C. Chickens
D. Nematodes
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Which of the following is an adult organism that has fewer than 1000 cells?
A. Humans
B. Fruit flies
C. Chickens
D. Nematodes
D. Nematodes
The developmental precursors to the gonadal tissues of C. elegans uniquely contain
A. P granules of mRNA and protein
B. High concentrations of potassium ions
C. Proteins of maternal origin
D. Haploid proteins
E. T tubules for the propagation of action potentials
A. P granules of mRNA and protein
Spemann developed the concept of the primary organizer in amphibian embryos while studying the
A. Anterior terminus of the notochord
B. Lateral margins of the neural tube
C. Medial cells between optic cups
D. Posterior edge of the dorsal ectoderm
E. Dorsal lip of the blastopore
E. Dorsal lip of the blastopore
If the apical ectodermal ridge is surgically removed from an embryo, it will lose
A. The developmental substrate for the gonads
B. Guidance signals needed for correct gastrulation
C. Positional information for limb-bud pattern formation
D. The developmental substrate for the kidneys
E. Unequal cytokinesis of blastomeres
C. Positional information for limb-bud pattern formation
Cells transplanted from the neural tube of a frog embryo to the ventral part of another embryo develop into nervous system tissues. This result indicates that the transplanted cells were
A. Differentiated
B. Mesenchymal
C. Totipotent
D. Determined
D. Determined
Interstitial fluid is
A. Found only in the lumen of the small intestine
B. The internal environment inside animal cells
C. Identical to the composition of blood
D. The fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra
E. The route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells
E. The route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells
Cardiac muscle cells are both__
A. Striated and interconnected by intercalated disks
B. Smooth and under involuntary control
C. Smooth and under voluntary control
D. Striated and under voluntary control
A. Striated and interconnected by intercalated disks
If you gently twist your earlobe, it does not remain distorted because it contains
A. Loose connective tissue
B. Collagenous fibers
C. Adipose tissue
D. Reticular fibers
E. Elastin fibers
E. Elastin fibers
Positive feedback loop in humans
Childbirth and lactation are only positive feedback loop
When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, a s a result, the blood glucose level rises . Such regulation is the result of
A. Negative feedback
B. Positive feedback
C. Catalytic feedback
D. Protein-protein interactions
A. Negative feedback
Once labor begins in childbirth contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. These increasing concentrations is an example of A. Negative feedback B. Positive feedback C. Catalytic feedback E. Feedback inhibitionB. Positive feedbackSnake behavior in Wisconsin changes throughout the year. For example, a snake is __ A. More active in summer because it can gain body heat by conduction B. Less active in winter because it does not need to avoid predators C. More active in summer because that is the period for mating D. Less active in winter because the food supply is decreasedA. More active in summer because it can gain body heat by conductionWhich principle of heat exchange is the most important explanation for why birds look larger in colder weather because they fluff their feathers? A. Fluffing decreases the amount of heat loss by conduction when the bird makes contact with cold objects in its environment B. Fluffing creates a pocket of air near the bird that acts as insulation C. Fluffing decreases the surface-area-to-volume ratio, thus decreasing the amount of heat loss to the environment D. Fluffing feathers results in less cooling by radiation because feathers emit less infrared radiation than other tissues doB. Fluffing creates a pocket of air near the bird that acts as insulationAn animal's inputs of energy and materials would exceed its output if ____ A. It is growing and increasing its mass B. The animal is an endotherm, which must always take in more energy because of its high metabolic rate C. It is actively foraging for food D. It is hibernatingA. It is growing and increasing its massHummingbirds are small birds that require a regular food supply. When hummingbirds are faced with a situation that decreases their food supply, such as a storm, which of the following adaptations would be most useful for the bird to survive such unpredictable and short-term absence of food resources? A. Burrowing into soil B. Shivering C. Torpor D. HibernationC. TorporEvolutionary adaptions that help diverse animals directly exchange matter between cells and the environment include A. An unbranched internal surface, a small body size, and thick covering B. A large body volume, a long tubular body, and a set of wings C. An external respiratory surface, a small body size, and a two-cell-layered body D. A gastrovascular activity, a two-layered body, and a torpedo-like body shapeA. An unbranched internal surface, a small body size, and thick coveringIn a survivable cold environment, an ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than would a n equally sized endotherm because the ectotherm A. Invests little energy in temperature regulation B. Expends more energy per kg of body mass than does the endotherm C. Has greater insulation on its body surface D. Metabolizes its stored energy more readily than can the endothermsA. Invests little energy in temperature regulationIn mammals this response is known as fever, but it is known to raise body temperature in other bacterially infected animals, including lizards, fishes, and cockroaches A. A change in the body's thermostat "set point" B. Growth of hair on limbs C. Reduced metabolic rate D. Decreased thermogenesis in brown fatA. A change in the body's thermostat "set point"To prepare flight muscles for use on a cool morning, hawkmouth moths A. Relax the muscles completely until after they launch themselves into the air B. Decrease their standard metabolic rate C. Rapidly contract and relax these muscles to generate metabolic warmth D. Walk to shaded areas to avoid direct sunlightC. Rapidly contract and relax these muscles to generate metabolic warmthIf an amphibian zygote is manipulated so that the first cleavage plane fails to divide the gray crescent, then A. The daughter cell with the entire gray crescent will die B. Only the daughter cell with the gray crescent will develop normally C. Both daughter cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage D. Both daughter cells will develop abnormallyB. Only the daughter cell with the gray crescent will develop normallyThe arrangement of organs and tissues in their characteristic places in 3-D space defines A. Determination B. Differentiation C. Pattern formation D. InductionC. Pattern formationThe body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is A. Epithlial tissue B. Connective tissue C. Skeletal muscle D. SmoothB. Connective tissueBlood is best classified as connective tissue because A. Its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix B. It contains more than one type of cell C. It is contained in vessels that "connect" different parts of an organisms body D. Its cell can move from place to placeA. Its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrixAn overheated and sick dog in a hot environment will have an impaired thermoregulatory response when its A. Evaporate heat loss increases B. Metabolic heat production decreases C. Body temperature increases to match the environmental temperature D. Blood vessels near its skins increase vasoconstrictionC. Body temperature increases to match the environmental temperature"Winter acclimatization" in cold-zone mammals can include A. The production of antifreeze compounds within cells B. The production of enzymes that have lower temperature optima C. Hibernation for several weeks D. Changing the proportion of saturated and unsaturated fats om cell membranesC. Hibernation for several weeksTo increase the effectiveness of exchange surfaces lining the lungs and the intestines, evolutionary pressures have A. Increased the exchange surface area with folds and branches B. Increased the thickness of the membranes in these linings C. Increased the number of cell layers in these linings D. Decreased the metabolic rate of the cells in these liningsA. Increased the exchange surface area with folds and branchesThe specialized structures of complex animals have evolved because A. The environment imposes identical problems regardless of where the animals are found B. The most complex animals are the ones with the most ancient evolutionary orgin C. They permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes D.C. They permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changesWhich choice best describes a reasonable mechanism for animal structures becoming better suited over evolutionary time to specific functions A. Animals that eat the most food become the most abundant B. Animals that restrict their food intake become less abundant C. Animals with mutations that give rise to effective structures will become more abundant D. Animals with invenitions that curtail reproduction will become less abundantC. Animals with mutations that give rise to effective structures will become more abundantAll animals, whether large or small, have A. An external body surface that is dry B. A basic body plan that resembles a 2-layered sac C. Each living cell in contact with an aqueous medium D. A body surface covered with hair to keep warmC. Each living cell in contact with an aqueous mediumHibernation and estivation are both examples oftorporThe countercurrent arrangement of the arterial and venous blood vessels causes A. Loss of the maximum possible amount of the heat to the environment B. Venous blood to be as cold near the abdomen as it is near the feet C. Blood in the feet to be as warm as the blood in the abdomen D. Temperature difference between the contents of the two sets of vessels to be minimizedD. Temperature difference between the contents of the two sets of vessels to be minimizedwhat type of tissue would you guess the term carcinoma and melanoma is most closely associated with? A. Connective B. Muscle C. Epithelial D. NervousC. EpithelialMuscles are joined to bones by A) ligaments. B) tendons. C) loose connective tissue. D) Haversian systems. E) spindle fibers.B) tendons.Most types of communication between cells utilize A) the exchange of cytosol between the cells. B) a direct electrical connection between the cells. C) the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message. D) the exchange of DNA between the cells. E) the movement of the cells.C) the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message.An example of a connective tissue is the A) skin. B) nerves. C) blood. D) cuboidal epithelium. E) smooth muscles.C) blood.The similar fusiform body shape of diverse animals such as sharks, penguins, and aquatic mammals, has evovled because A. Natural selection typically has no limits when different organisms face the same challenge B. Respiration through gills us enhanced by having a fusiform shape C. This is the body shape that makes it possible for aquatic animals to swim rapidly D.All three types evolved from the same ancestral form, which flew in the air rather than swam in waterC. This is the body shape that makes it possible for aquatic animals to swim rapidlyThe countercurrent arrangement of the arterial and venous blood vessels causes A. Loss of the maximum possible amount of heat to the environment B. Venous blood to be as cold near the abdomen as it is near the feet C. Blood in the feet to be as warm as the blood in the abdomen D. Temperature difference between the contents of the two sets if vessels to be minimizedD. Temperature difference between the contents of the two sets if vessels to be minimizedSpemann developed the concept of the primary organizer in amphibian embryos while studying the A. Anterior terminus of the notochord B. Lateral margins of the neural tube C. Medial cells between optic cups D. Dorsal lip of the blastoporeD. Dorsal lip of the blastopore