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Dialysis Module 2 sub B

Terms in this set (16)

anemia
a deficiency of red blood cells; healthy kidneys make a hormone called erythropoietin (EPO). EPO tells the bone marrow to make abc. as kidneys fail they make less EPO. leading to anemia.RBC get their color from a protein called hemoglobin (hgb). HGB carries oxygen to all the cells in the body. With fewer rbcs, not enough oxygen reaches tissues, which causes: fatigue, weakness, feeling cold all the time, mental confusion, pale skin, gums and fingernail beds. Anemia in CKD has been linked to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) left ventricle grows too large.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
occurs when the parathyroid glands in the neck make too much parathyroid hormone. Why?
1. healthy kidneys make a hormone called calcitriol (active vit. D)
2. Calcitriol lets the gut absorb Ca from food.
3. failing kidneys make less calcitriol
4. the gut absorbs less Ca, so there is less Ca in the blood.
5. A drop in blood Ca tells the parathyroid glands to release PTH.
6. PTH steals Ca out of the bones to keep the blood levels balance.
7. Since there is still no calcitriol, the glands keep sending out PTH.
8. In time the glands grow so large they can't shut off. This is the cycle of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
life span of RBC
180 days
life span of RBC in kidney pt.
90 days.
causes of acute renal failure
dehydration,hemorrhage
Renal osteodystrophy
a general term that refers to bone disease related to CKD and caused by over- or underproduction of parathyroid hormone or by exposure to aluminum; may complain of JOINT PAIN, BONE PAIN, MUSCLE PAIN or weakness that causes trouble walking. Problems with bone mineral balance raise the risk of heart attack or stroke due to Ca deposits on heart and blood vessels.
Pruritus (itching)
common in kidney pts. may affect 84% of pts. disrupts sleep. itching with hives during dialysis may be due to an allergy. Contact dermatitis is an allergy to something that touches the skin. Might be laundry soap or bleach used to clean the treatment chairs or chemicals used to sterilize a new dialyzer.
ways out of phosphorus in the body:
kidney and sweat
phosphate binders
Renagel, Renvila with meal
Pericarditis
painful swelling of the sac around the heart. in people with CKD, it is most often due to poor dialysis or a virus. May lead to sharp, stabbing chest pain, worse when laying down, better when sitting up; low blood pressure; irregular heartbeat, dry cough, fever, fatigue. Can be heard through a stethoscope with a sound called "pericardial friction rub".
Amyloidosis
occurs when a waxy protein (beta 2- micro globulin) builds up in patients soft tissues, bone and joints.
carpal tunnel syndrome
painful compression of a key nerve in the wrist.
Synthetic dialyzer membranes
they remove more B2M than membranes made of cellulose.
neuropathy
nerve damage. symptoms: burning of hands and feet, pins and needles feeling, muscle weakness, trouble walking, ED. Taking vitamin B6 help ease nerve pain.
sleep apnea
brief periods of not breathing while sleeping
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