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Social Research Methods Chapter 16 Terms

Terms in this set (27)

qualitative data analysis
the process by which researchers draw substantive findings from qualitative data such as text, audio, video, and photographs
positivist approach
an approach to research that assumes a reality external to the observer that can be objectively described and analyzed with scientific standards
interpretivist approach
an approach to research whereby the researcher does not seek objective truth but rather a faithful rendering of the subjects' interpretations of events, social movements, or any other phenomenon that the researcher is studying
emic focus
an approach to research in which researchers take on the respondent's viewpoint and use his or her language
etic focus
an approach to research in which researchers maintain a distance from their respondents with the goal of achieving more scientific objectivity
effects of causes
an approach to establishing causality, generally associated with quantitative research, that tries to estimate the average effect of different independent variables on a particular outcome
causes of effects
an approach to establishing causality, generally associated with qualitative research, that starts with the outcome the researcher is trying to explain and works backwards to develop a causal model
truth table
a table, used in qualitative comparative analysis, that sorts cases by the presence or absence of certain variables
inductive research
research that begins with the data and then generalizes or produces theoretical generalization from the data
abductive research
research that attempts to build theory from "surprises" in empirical data
deductive research
research that takes a "top-down" approach, where the theory or hypothesis drives the data-collection strategy and analysis
grounded theory
a systematic, inductive approach to qualitative research that suggests that researchers should extrapolate conceptual relationships from data rather than formulate testable hypotheses from existing theory
purposive sampling
a sampling strategy in which cases are deliberately selected on the basis of features that distinguish them from other cases
saturation
when new materials (interviews, observations, survey responses) fail to yield new insights and simply reinforce what the researcher already knows
extended case study approach
an approach to theory in qualitative research in which the researcher starts with an established theory and chooses a field site or case to improve upon or modify the existing theory
de-identification
the process of protecting each respondent's anonymity by suppressing or changing identifying data
interviewer effects
the possibility that the mere presence of an interviewer's personal characteristics, may lead a respondent to answer questions in a particular way, potentially biasing the responses
coding
the process of translating written or visual material into standardized categories. In qualitative data analysis, this involves tagging or labeling segments of data as an example of or related to a theoretical idea, wider theme, or concept
codes
labels or tags for chunks of text
attribute codes
codes that represent the salient personal characteristics of the interviewees that played a role in the study design
index codes
codes that represent broad categories or topics related to a research question, enabling data reduction
analytic codes
codes that reflect what the text signifies or means, enabling the researcher to sort or characterize qualitative data
typology
a way of generalizing from concrete cases by defining a common core within a set of cases
codebook
a system of organizing information about a data set, including the variables it contains, the possible values for each variable, coding schemes, and decision rules
model
a verbal or visual description of an argument
ethnoarray
a type of matrix used in qualitative research where the columns represent respondents and the rows represent domains and measures relevant to the research
null hypothesis
a hypothesis that no relationship between concepts exists or no difference in the dependent variable between groups exists
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