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BIO STUPID CARLA HI QUIZLET

Terms in this set (40)

Gastrulation
In animal development, a series of cell and tissue movements in which the blastula-stage embryo folds inward, producing a three-layered germ layer, the gastrula.
Germ Layer Formation
Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm
connective tissue
A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts
nervous tissue
A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body. (neurons)
muscle tissue
A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move.
epithelial tissue
A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out
homesostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Fertilization
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
Gastrulation
In animal development, a series of cell and tissue movements in which the blastula-stage embryo folds inward, producing a three-layered embryo, the gastrula.
Ectoderm
outermost germ layer; produces sense organs, nerves, and outer layer of skin- EX: Nervous system, Epidermis of skin, Lining of mouth and rectum
Mesoderm
middle germ layer; develops into muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems- EX: Skeletal system, Circulatory system, Lympathic system, Muscular system
Endoderm
the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems- EX: digestive tract, urinary tract, liver, pancreas, thymus
Parts of a neuron
cell body, dendrites, axon
Dendrites
Covert chemical signals to electrical signals
Cell body
Integrates incoming electrical signals
Axon
Conducts electrical signals
electrical potential
difference of electrical charge between two points
membrane potential
electrical potential across plasma membrane. millivolts (mV) neurons-70-80 mV.
resting potential
high intracellular K+, low intracellular Na+
Voltage-gated channels
allow ions to flow in response to changes in the voltage of the membrane, two conformations. Na+ and K+ VGC work with depolarization and repolarization
synaptic vesicles
stores and releases neurotransmitter
sending cell
presynaptic neuron
receiving cell
postsynaptic cell
ESPS
excitatory postsynaptic potentials- raises resting potentials. Makes postsynaptic action potentials more likely
IPSP
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential; make postsynaptic action potential less likely
PNS
Sensory receptor cells and neurons, motor neurons
CNS
brain & spinal cord, interneurons
sensor cells
express receptors on membrane and sense stimulus
Mechanoreception
On hair cells- sense pressure and cause neurotransmitter release
Auditory hair cells
senses changes in pressure by sound waves
Chemoreception
Sensing of chemical compounds
Vertebrate Eye
Organ for photoreception
Eyes
-Cornea and lens focus light to Retina
-Retina has Rods and Cones, which contain photoreceptors, that synapse with neurons
-Bipolar cells, ganglion cell, optic nerve
Steroid hormones
Cause gene expression changes
Epinephrine and Glucagon
Promote glucose release in blood
Primary sex determination
Gonad formation in embryo
At puberty
Secondary sex characteristics and growth, behavior are induced by sex hormones
Immediate Stress
epinephrine increases flight or flight functions
Sustained stress
cortisol, long term effects on health
Glucose levels
insulin stores glucose, glucagon releases glucose
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