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Psychology Chapter 3: Conscious and The Two-Track Mind

Terms in this set (41)

Consciousness
Our awareness of ourselves and our enviroment
Cognitive Neuroscience
The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)
Dual processing
The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.
Blindsight
A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it.
Parallel Processing
The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's neural mode of information processing for many functions
Selective Attention
Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
Inattentional blindness
Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
Change Blindness
Failing to notice changes in the enviroment
Sleep
Periodic, natural loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma. General anesthesia, or hibernation.
Circadian
Rhythm the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle
REM sleep
Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active
Alpha Waves
The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed , awake state
Hallucinations
False sensory experience , such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.
Delta Waves
The large , slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm. In response to light, the __________ causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production ,thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness.
Insomnia
Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
Narcolepsy
A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.
Sleep Apnea
A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.
Night Terrors
A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified ; unlike nightmares, ___________ occur during NREM-3 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and seldom remembered.
Dream
A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. _________ are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities and incongruities, and for the delusional acceptance of the context and later difficulties remembering it.
Manifest Content
According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from it's latent, or hidden, content)
Latent Content
According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)
REM rebound
The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation ( created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)
Substance use disorder
Continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk.
Psychoactive Drug
A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.
Tolerance
The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses experiencing the drug's effect.
Withdrawal
The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior.
Depressants
Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
Alcohol use disorder
(popularly known as alcoholism) alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use.
Barbiturates
Drugs that depress central nervous system activity but impairing memory and judgement.
Opiates
Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.
Stimulants
Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, Ecstasy, and methamphetamine) that excites neural activity and speed up body functions.
Amphetamines
Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
Nicotine
A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive
Cocaine
A powerful and addictive stimulant derive from the coca plant ; produces temporarily increased alertness and euphoria.
Methamphetamine
A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.
Ecstasy (MDMA)
A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin -producing neurons and to mood and cognition
Hallucinogens
Psychedelic ("mind-manifesting) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
Near-death experience
An altered state of confusion reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations
LSD
A powerful hallucinogenic drug :also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide)
THC
The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations
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