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Ch8

Terms in this set (29)

the totality of an organism chemical reaction.
metabolism
begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product.
metabolic pathway
a metabonic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds. ex: cellular respiration.
catabolic pathway
consumes energy to build complex molecules into simpler ones.
anabolic pathway
is the capacity to cause change.
energy
energy associated with motion
kinetic energy
associated with random movement of atoms or molecules
heat (thermal energy)
an energy that matter possesses because of it location or structure
potential energy
is potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction.
chemical energy
conservation of energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed , only transferred or transformed. aka principles of conservation of energy.
the 1st law of thermodynamics
every energy transfer or transformation the entropy (disorder) of the universe.
2nd law of thermodynamics
occur without energy input, they can happen quickly or slowly.
spontaneous processes
the measure of a system instability, and it tendency to change to a more stable state.
free energy
proceeds with a net release of free energy that is spontaneous
exergonic reaction
absorbs free energy from it surroundings and is nonspontaneous
endergonic reaction
chemical, transport, mechanical
3 types of cellular work
a molecule of ten reactant with a phosphate group covalently bound to it.
phosphorylated intermediate.
a chemical agents that speeds up the reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
catalyst
is a catalytic protein
enzyme
the energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
activation energy
are non protein enzyme helpers.
cofactors
binds to the activity site
competitive inhibitor.
bind to another part of the enzyme causing the enzyme to change shape. ex: toxins, poisons, antibiotic
noncompetitive inhibitor
may either inhibit or stimulate an enzyme activity.
allosteric regulation
a form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity.
cooperativity
the end product if a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway.
feedback inhibition
Adenosine triphosphate
aka ATP
the specific region of an enzyme that binds the substrate and that forms the pocket in which catalysis occurs .
active site
the reactant on which enzyme works.
substrate
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