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urinary system

Terms in this set (43)

transport urine from the kidneys
ureters
conveys urine to the outside of the body
urethra
tough fibrous shell around kidney
renal capsule
renal corpuscle and renal tubule
nephron structure
blood is rerouted across artificial membrane
hemodialysis
Supply blood to glomerular capillaries
afferent arterioles
at rest, renal arteries carry
15-30% of total cardiac output
kidneys account for _____% of body weight
1%
Serves as urine reservoir
urinary bladder
cone shaped masses of tissue in renal medulla
renal pyramids
remove wastes from blood
nephrons
urine formation begins with
glomerular filtration
filtration is due to a force called
hydrostatic pressure
during reabsorption, sodium ions are
reabsorbed by active transport
during reabsorption, water follows the ions by
osmosis
during secretion, substances are transported from the blood into the
renal tubule
urine contains _____% water
95%
uric acid is a by product of
nucleic acid catabolism
which of the following is correct concerning the location of the kidneys?
a) the right kidney is usually higher than the left one
b) they are located behind the peritoneum
c) their upper borders are about at the level of the third lumbar vertebra
d) they are located against the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity
they are located behind the peritoneum
if the arteriole that supplies blood to the glomerulus becomes constricted,
the glomerular filtration rate decreases
the reabsorption of glucose occurs primarily through the walls of the
proximal convoluted tubule
whenever sodium ions are reabsorbed through the wall of the renal tubule by active transport, chloride ions are
reabsorbed by passive transport
the functional unit of the kidney where urine is produced is the
nephron
in males, the external urethral sphincter surrounds
membranous urethra
the micturition reflex center is located in the
sacral segments of the spinal cord
which of the following would increase the rate of glomerular filtration?
a) decreased blood pressure
b) increased blood pressure
c) a constricted afferent arteriole
d) a dilated efferent arteriole
increased blood pressure
which of the following is not considered a function of the kidneys?
a) regulation of body fluid concentration
b) regulation of body fluid volume
c) removal of waste products from the body
d) formation of plasma proteins
d) formation of plasma proteins
in which of the following portions of the nephron is water actively transported?
a) proximal convoluted tubule
b) descending limb of the nephron loop
c) collecting duct
d) none of the above
none of the above
conscious control of micturition involves inhibiting the micturition reflex by using nerve centers in the
brain stem and cerebral cortex
which of the following is an abnormal constituent of urine?
a) urea
b) uric acid
c) glucose
d) none of the above
glucose
as a result of excessively low arterial blood pressure, glomerular hydrostatic pressure
drops and filtration decreases
which of the following is secreted into the urine from the blood?
a) amino acids
b) glucose
c) hydrogen ions
d) water
hydrogen ions
a glomerulus is a ________, whereas a renal tubule is a _______
tangled cluster of blood capillaries; highly coiled tubule that leads away from the glomerular capsule
filtration rate in the glomerulus is increased by
both vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule are adapted for reabsorption by
having microscopic projections called microvilli
the micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled by the
cerebral cortex stimulating or inhibiting the external urethral sphincter valve
the composition of glomerular filtrate compare to that of plasma by containing
the same substances as plasma except for larger protein molecules
T/F: urine is forced along the length of the ureter by peristaltic waves
true
T/F: the urinary bladder is located above the parietal peritoneum
false
T/F: when the concentration of water in body fluids increases, the secretion of ADH increases
false
during urine formation, some substances move from the plasma in the peritubular capillary into the renal tubule by the process called
tubular secretion
water reabsorption occurs throughout the length of the renal tubule by the process of
osmosis
uric acid results from the metabolism of
nucleic acids
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