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CHAPTER 57: Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus

Terms in this set (43)

Biguanides
METFORMIN
Drug Class?
blood sugar (type 2), type 2 diabetes
METAFORMIN
Used For:
-Decrease ______ ______ (______ ____), prevention of ______ ____ ______.
production, liver, absorption, gut, target tissues, glucose uptake, insulin
METAFORMIN
MOA:
-Inhibits glucose ______ in ______, decrease glucose ______ in ______.
-Sensitizes insulin receptors in ______ ______.
-Increase ______ ______ in response to ______ available
appetite, nausea, diarrhea, lactic acidosis, B12, folic acid.
METAFORMIN
S/E:
-GI symptoms: Decreased ______, ______, ______, ______ ______, decreased absorption of ______ and ______ ______.
alcohol, skips meals.
METAFORMIN
Pt Edu:
-Avoid ______, good if patient ______ ______.
renal insufficiency, liver disease, HF, shock, severe infection, alcohol, metabolized, accumulate
METAFORMIN
Not For:
-Developing ______ ______, ______ ______, ______, ______, ______ ______, excess amounts of ______. Bc it's not ______ and WILL ______.
fasting, post meal blood glucose
METAFORMIN
Used Alone:
-Decreases ______ and ______ ______ ______ ______ levels.
BEFORE, AFTER, metabolized, renal impairment
METAFORMIN
Anything Else:
-Withheld 48 hours ______ and ______ contrast.
-NOT ______, so not for pt with ______ ______ (accumulation results)
DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab
GLYBURIDE
Brand Names?
Second Generation Sulfonylureas
GLYBURIDE
Drug Class?
Treats type 2 diabetes
GLYBURIDE
Used For:
-Treats ______ ____ ______.
insulin, pancreatic islets, ATP-sensitive K+ channels
GLYBURIDE
MOA:
-Stimulates the release of ______ from ______ ______, bind and block ______-______ ______ ______ in cell membrane.
hypoglycemia, kidney, liver dysfunction, cardiovascular toxicity
GLYBURIDE
S/E:
-______ (increased risk in ______ or ______ ______), ______ ______.
pregnant, pregnant, term, nursing
GLYBURIDE
Not For:
-______ women, ______ women close to ______, women who are ______.
alcohol, hypoglycemia, beta-adrenergic blocking
GLYBURIDE
Drug Interactions:
-______, drugs that intensify ______, ______-______ ______ agents.
target cells, insulin
GLYBURIDE
Anything Else:
-May increase ______ ______ sensitivity to ______.
Glinides
REPAGLINIDE
Drug Class?
type 2 diabetes
REPAGLINIDE
Used For:
-Glycemic control with ______ ____ ______
calcium influx, ATP-sensitive K+ channels, beta cells, insulin release.
REPAGLINIDE
MOA:
-Facilitates ______ ______ by blocking ______-______ ______ ______ on ______ ______.
-Leads to increase ______ ______.
Hypoglycemia, angina
REPAGLINIDE
S/E:
-______, ______
Gemfibrozil, blood sugar
REPAGLINIDE
Interactions:
Drug-Drug: ______ (decrease ______ ______)
30 minutes
REPAGLINIDE
Pt Edu:
Eat NO LATER than ______ ______ after taking this med
Glipizide
REPAGLINIDE
Anything Else:
-Works in same manner that ______ does.
Glitazones, TZDs
PIOGLITAZONE
Drug Class?
Glycemic, type 2 diabetes
PIOGLITAZONE
Used For:
-______ control in pt. with ______ ____ ______
insulin resistance, glucose production, insulin
PIOGLITAZONE
MOA:
-Decrease ______ ______ and decrease ______ ______; increase ______ action.
HF, renal retention, fluid, pregnancy, bladder cancer, fractures, hepatotoxic (ALT), LDL, HDL, triglycerides.
PIOGLITAZONE
S/E:
-______ secondary to ______ ______ of ______, unintended ______, ______ ______, increase risk of ______, ______ (monitor ______), increase ______, increase ______, decrease ______.
Severe HF
PIOGLITAZONE
Not For:
-______ ______ patients.
Insulin, inhibitors/inducers, CYP2C8
PIOGLITAZONE
Interactions:
Drug-Drug: ______, strong ______/______ of ______
HF, liver disease
PIOGLITAZONE
Pt Edu:
Signs of ______ (dyspnea, edema, fatigue, rapid weight gain), sx of ______ ______ (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, dark urine, jaundice)
ALT levels
PIOGLITAZONE
Nursing Assessment:
-Monitor ______ ______
Precose
ACARBOSE
Brand Name?
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor
ACARBOSE (Precose)
Drug Class?
Type 2 diabetes
ACARBOSE (Precose)
Used For:
-______ ______ ______
intestine, absorption, carbs, blood glucose, meal, blood glucose
ACARBOSE (Precose)
MOA:
-Act in the ______ to delay ______ of ______, reduces rise in ______ ______ after a ______.
-Reduces the rise in ______ ______.
Flatulence, cramps, abdominal distention, borborygomus, diarrhea. Risk for anemia and hypoglycemia. Long term, High dose may cause liver dysfunction.
ACARBOSE (Precose)
S/E:
-______, ______, ______ ______, ______, ______.
-Risk for ______ and ______.
-Long term, High dose may cause ______ ______.
first bite, main meal
ACARBOSE (Precose)
Pt Edu:
-Take with ______ ______ with ______ ______.
Gliptins
SITAGLIPTIN
Drug Class?
glycemic control, type 2 diabetes
SITAGLIPTIN
Used For:
-______ ______, ______ ______ ______
incretin hormones, glycemic control, insulin
SITAGLIPTIN
MOA:
-Enhance actions of ______ ______ to promote ______ ______, increase ______ action.
Upper respiratory tract infection, headache, nasal passage, throat irritation, pancreatitis.
SITAGLIPTIN
S/E:
-______ ______ ______ ______, ______, ______ ______, and ______ ______, ______.
pancreatitis, abdominal pain, vomiting, stop
SITAGLIPTIN
Pt Edu:
s/s of ______ (severe and persistent ______ ______, w/ or w/o ______) and to ______ if happens.
HbA1c
SITAGLIPTIN
Anything Else:
-Evaluate ______
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