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Lippert: Chapter 17 - Pelvic Girdle

Terms in this set (39)

What four bones make up the pelvic girdle?
sacrum, coccyx, two hip bones (which are comprised of the ilium, ischium and pubis)
What are the joints of articulation in the pelvic gildle?
right and left sacroiliac joint posterolaterally, the symphysis pubis, anteriorly, and the lumbosacral joint superiorly
false pelvis
aka great/major pelvis, the bony area b/w the iliac crests and is superior to the pelvic inlet
pelvic inlet
can be seen by drawing a line b/w the sacral promontory posteriorly and the superior border of the symphysis pubix anteriorly. There are no pelvic organs within the false pelvis
true pelvis
aka lessor/minor pelvis, lies b/w the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet; makes up the pelvic cavity which contains portions of the GI tract, urinary tract, and some reproductive organs. In females it forms the birth canal
pelvic outlet
can be seen by drawing a line from the tip of the coccyx to the inferior surface of the pubic symphysis
sacroiliac joint
-_____, ___axial joint; ____joint
-function?
is a synovial,non axial joint b/w the sacrum and ilium. It is described as a plane joint, but its articular surfaces are very irregular.
-function is to transmit weight from the upper body through the vertebral column to the hip bones.
The SI joint is designed for _________stability and has very _____ mobility
The SI joint is designed for great stability and has very little mobility
Nutation
aka sacral flexion, occurs when the base of the sacrum (on the superior end) moves anteriorly and inferiorly. This causes the inferior portion of the sacrum and the coccyx to move posteriorly. The pelvic outlet becomes larger.
nutation occurs with trunk flexion and hip extension
counternutation
aka sacral extension - the base of the sacrum moves posteriorly and superiorly, causing the tip of the coccyx to move anteriorly. pelvic inlet becomes larger. counternutation occurs with trunk extension or hip flexion
anterior sacroiliac ligament
broad, flat ligament on the anterior(pelvic) surface connecting the ala and pelvic surface of the sacrum to the auricular surface of the ilium
interosseous sacroiliac ligament
deepest, shortest, and strongest of the sacroiliac ligaments
short posterior sacroiliac ligament
runs more obliquely b/w the ilium and the upper portion of the sacrum on the dorsal surface. it prevents forward movement of the sacrum
long posterior sacroiliac ligament
runs more vertically b/w the posterior superior iliac spine and the lower portion of the sacrum. it prevents downward movement of the sacrum
sacrotuberous ligament
very strong, triangular ligament running from b/w the psis and piis of the illium, from the posterior and lateral side of the sacrum inferior to the auricular surface, and from the coccyx. these fibers come together attach on the ischial tuberiosity. it serves as an attachment for the gluteus maximus and prevents forward rotation of the sacrum
sacrospinous ligament
also traiangular and lies deep to the sacrotuberour ligament. It has a broad attachment from the lateral sacrum and coccyx on the posterior side. It then narrows to attach to the spine of the ischium. These two ligaments convert the greater sciatic notch into a forament through which the sciatic nerve passes
iliolumbar ligament
connects the transverse process of L5 with the ala of the sacrum. this ligament limits the rotation of L5 on S1, and it assists the articular processes in preventing L5 from moving anteriorly on S1
superior pubic ligament
attaches to the pubic tubercles on each side of the body and strengthens the superior and anterior portions of the joint
inferior pubic ligament
attaches b/w the inferior pubic rami. It strengthens the inferior portion of the joint
lumbosacral ligament
attaches on the transverse process of L5. It runs inferiorly and laterally attach on the ala of sacrum, where its fibers intermingle with the fibers of the anterior sacroiliac ligament
Lumbosacral angle
determined by drawing on line parallel to the ground and another line along the base of the sacrum. The optimal lumbosacral angle is approximately 30 degrees.
anterior tilt
occurs when the pelvis tilt forward, moving the ASIS anterior to the pubic symphysis
posterior tilt
pelvis tilts backward, moving the ASIS posterior to the pubic symphysis
lateral tilt
occurs when the two iliac crests are not level. The side that is unsupported will be the point of reference.
pelvic rotation
occurs in the transverse plane around a vertical axis when one side of the pelvis moves forward or backward in relation to the other side.
What pelvic girdle motions occur in the following?
a. sagittal plane around the frontal axis
anterior / posterior pelvic tilt
What pelvic girdle motions occur in the following?
b. frontal plane around the sagittal axis
lateral tilt
What pelvic girdle motions occur in the following?
c. transverse plane around the vertical axis
pelvic rotation
Concentric contraction of the right quadratus lumborum would cause the pelvis to laterally tilt to which side?
to the left
Motion occurs at the lumbosacral joint when the pelvis tilts anteriorly and posteriorly and at what other distal joint?
the hip joints
What associated hip motion occurs when the pelvis tilts
a. anteriorly?
hip flexion
What associated hip motion occurs when the pelvis tilts
a. posteriorly?
hip extension
What associated hip motion occurs when the pelvis tilts
a. laterally?
hip abduction on the unsupported side and hip adduction on the weight-bearing side
What associated hip motions occur when the left side of the pelvis rotates
a. forward?
right hip medial rotation/ left hip lateral rotation
What associated hip motions occur when the left side of the pelvis rotates
b. backward?
right hip lateral rotation / left hip medial rotation
What associated lumbar motions occur when the pelvis tilts
a. anteriorly?
hyperextension
What associated lumbar motions occur when the pelvis tilts
b. posteriorly?
flexion
What associated lumbar motions occur when the pelvis tilts
c. laterally?
lateral bending to opposite side
IF a person maintained a posture in which the pelvis were tilted excessively in an anterior position, what muscle groups would tend to be tight?
back extensors, hip flexors
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...