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Ch 6 p/s Identity personality

Terms in this set (57)

self-concept vs. identity
Self concept is composed of individual components called identity
self-discrepancy theory
holds that we have three selves:
1) actual self: way we see ourselves as we currently are
2) ideal self: person we would like to be
3) ought self: our representation of the way others think we should be
- the closer these 3 are to one another, the higher our self-esteem or self-worth will be
Oral stage age, implications if not met
-0-1
-Orally fixated adult would exhibit excessive dependancy
anal stage age, implications if not met
-1-3 y/o
-Excessive orderliness (anal-retentiveness) or slopiness
Phallic stage
-3-5 years
-Focus is on the genitals
-Oedipus/Elektra complex
-Libidinal energy is sublimated into other things
latency stage
6-puberty, dormant sexual feelings
genital stage
puberty through adulthood
-If prior conflicts resolved successfully, enter into normal relationship
trust vs mistrust stage
-0-1y/o
-If resolved, child trusts environment and self
-If not, child suspicious
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
-1-3 y/o
- If met, exert control over word, exercising choice and restrain
-if not, doubt and external locus of control
Initiative vs. Guilt
-3-6 y/o
-If met, sense of purpose, ability to enjoy accomplishments
-If not, child will be overcome by fear of punishment- may either restrict themselves or overcompensate by showing off
Industry vs. Inferiority
-6-12 y/o
-If met- confident
If not- inadequacy, poor self esteem
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Reasoning
Describes approaches of individuals to resolving moral dilemmas
preconventional morality
-Preadolescence
-first level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in which the child's behavior is governed by the consequences of the behavior
Stages of Preconventional morality
1- Obedience- Concerned w/ getting punished
2-self interest- Gaining reward
conventional morality
-Adolescence to adulthood
-second level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in which the child's behavior is governed by conforming to the society's norms of behavior
conventional morality stages
-Conformity- Person seeks approval of others
-Law and order
postconventional morality
third level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in which the person's behavior is governed by moral principles that have been decided on by the individual and that may be in disagreement with accepted social norms
stages of postconventional morality
-Social contract- views moral rules as being designed for greater good
-Universal human ethics- abstract principles
zone of proximal development
In Vygotsky's theory, the range between children's present level of knowledge and their potential knowledge state if they recieve proper guidance and instruction
theory of mind
ability to reason about what other people know or believe
looking-glass self
an image of yourself based on what you believe others think of you
Superego
personalities perfectionist. Judging actions and responding with pride at accomplishments and guilt at failures
Ego
moderator between the id and ego. Relieves anxiety through defense mechanisms
repression vs suppression
repression is unconscious and suppression is conscious
reaction formation
switching unacceptable impulses into their opposite acceptable form
Displacement
changing the target of an emotion, while the feelings remain the same
Sublimation
channeling socially unacceptable impulses and urges into socially acceptable behavior
collective unconscious
Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history
Persona
Carl Jung's theory- like a mask that we wear in public as part of our personality that we present to the world
anima/animus
An archetype from Jung's theory referring to the inappropriate feminine behaviors in males, and the masculine behaviors in females.
shadow archetype
responsible for the appearance of unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and actions in our consciousness
self archetype
to Jung, was the point of intersection between the collective unconscious, personal unconscious and conscious mind
Meyers-Briggs Type Inventory
based on Carl Jungs dichotomies of personality
Extraversion vs introversion
Sensing vs intuiting
Thinking vs Feeling
Judging vs percieving (not Jungs)
fictional finalism
Alder's theory that an individual is motivated more by his expectations of the future than by past experiences
creative self
according to Adler, the force by which each individual shapes his uniqueness and establishes his personality
style of life
according to Adler, each person's distinctive way of achieving superiority
Adler and Horney suggest that the unconscious is motivated by
social, not sexual urges
object relations theory
the psychodynamic theory that views the desire for relationships as the key motivating force in human behavior
Gestalt therapy
a humanistic method of psychotherapy that takes a holistic approach of the self, seeing each person as a complete person rather than reducing to individual drives
phenomenological theory
(Humanistic approach) looking into people's subjective interpretation of their own experiences is key to understanding their deviant behavior
force field theory
(humanistic) Lewin's theory that described one's current state of mind as a field, and forces as the sum of the influences acting on a person at a given time.
Humanistic Perspective
In personality theory, the study of healthy people (in contrast to Freud who studied people with psychological disorders), emphasizing human potential, growth through self-determination, and seeing the world through each person's eyes.
Maslow was a
humanist
Carl Rogers was a
humanist
According to Maslow, what motivates your behavior?
The lowest unsatisfied need in the hierarchy; Self-Actualization
According to maslow, self actualized people are more likely than people who are not self actualized to have
peak experiences (profound and deeply moving experiences in ones life that have important and lasting effects on the individual)
Personal Construct Theory
According to George Kelly, people devise and test predictions about the behavior of others. People make a scheme of anticipation about what others will do.
Pathology in personal construct theory occurs when
people have difficulty constructing and understanding variables in the environment
What psychotherapy technique did Carl Rogers create
client centered, person-centered, non-directive
What type of therapy?- Rather than providing solutions or diagnosis, the therapist helps the client reflect on problems, make choices, generate solutions and determine their own destiny
client centered
unconditional positive regard
a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance in client centered therapy
Trait Theory
uses clusters of behavior to describe individuals
Big 5 traits of personality
OCEAN
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
functional autonomy
behavior continues despite satisfaction of the drive that originally created the behavior
reciprocal determinism
idea that our thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and environment all interact with each other to determine our actions in a given situation (social cognitive perspective)
PEN theory
Psychoticism- Measure of non-conformity or social devience
Extraversion
Neurotocism- measure of emotional arousal in stressful situations
Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney
Psychoanalysts
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