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week 9 122 teaching and learning

Terms in this set (42)

nurse as educator
A process of teaching and learning that is intentionally designed.
* nurse as facilitator
* therapeutic relationship
* provide access to resources
* dynamic interaction occurs
who do nurses teach?
* patients
* families
* groups
* nurses
* other health care professionals
Nursing Process
* collect data, analyze client's learning. (strengths/deficits)
* make nursing diagnosis
* plan nursing goals or outcomes
* implement nursing strategies
* evaluate outcomes
- Outcomes are based on achievement of goal criteria
Teaching Process
Step 1: collect data, analyze client's learning (strengths/deficits)
Step 2: make education diagnosis
Step 3: prepare teaching plan, select:
- learning outcomes
- content & time frame
- teaching strategies
- teaching resources
Step 4: implement teaching plan
Step 5: evaluate client learning based on achievement of learning outcomes
teaching
* involves a teaching plan to facilitate learner outcomes.
* implies information giving
* a system of activities intended to produce learning
learning
* a change in behaviour (knowledge, skills, attitude)
* involves a new understanding or personal meaning
is being an effective teacher a gift or a skill?
it is an effective skill, although some have more of a gift for the skill than others.
educators
are no longer "givers of information" they are "facilitators of learning"
teaching tips
* brainstorm what works
* integrate different learning styles
* putting info into context
* being passionate and excited about what you are teaching
* interactive with the audience
* positive reinforcement
pedagogy
- philosophy of teaching
- or the teaching of children
andragogy
special focus on teaching adults
geragogy
teaching older adults
3 learning domains
1. cognitive: knowing, comprehending, applying
2. affective: feelings, emotions, interested, attitudes, and appreciation
3. Psychomotor: motor skills
Behaviourism Theorists
- Pavlov
- Skinner
- Bandura
Cognitive Theorists
- Piaget
- Lewin
- Bloom
Humanism Theorists
- Maslow
- Rogers
behaviourism
stimulus and response - either alter a stimulus in the environment or alter the response once the behaviour occurs
humanism
focus on cognitive and affective qualities of the learner
psychomotor domain
motor skills, such as giving an injection
affective
feelings, emotions, interests, attitudes, and appreciations, and five major learning categories
1. feelings
2. emotions
3. interests
4.attitudes
5. appreciations
cognitive domain
six intellectual skills from the simple to the complex, beginning with knowing, comprehending, and applying
Pavlov's dogs
positive reinforcement
Nursing application of behaviourism
* provide sufficient practice time, and both immediate testing and redemonstration
* provide learning through trial and error
* selection of teaching strategies to about distraction informations
* praise learner and provide positive feedback
Cognivism
* learning as a mental, intellectual, thinking process
* importance of social, emotional, physical contacts where learning occurs
* developmental and individual readiness key to learning
Nursing application of cognivism
* provide social, emotional, physical environment conducive to learning
* encourage positive teacher-learner relationship
* multi sensory teaching strategies
* adapt teaching strategies to developmental level and readiness to learn
* select learning outcomes that encompass cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains of learning
Humanism
Learning is best achieved when relevant to learner
* focus on cognitive and affective qualities of learner
* learning is self-motivated, self-initiated and self-evaluated
* self development and achieving potential
* learner identifies learning needs and is active participant and responsible to meet needs
Nursing application of humanism
Considers feelings and attitudes of learners
* recognize importance of nurse/client relationship
* encourage learners to ID learning needs and establish goals
* active learning
* expose learner to new information and assist adoption of info
assessment
- learning needs
- readiness to learn
- learning styles
planning
teaching plan
implementation
perform the act of teaching using methods and materials
evaluation
determine outcomes
- changes in behaviour, knowledge, attitudes and skills
client education
a major aspect of nursing practice; providing information and teaching on issues for which clients have expressed needs and in a manner that is meaningful and relevant to them to promote, protect, maintain, and restore health, and cope with illness or altered health status
learning need
a desire or requirement to know something that is presently unknown
compliance
(client) the extent to which an individual's behaviour coincides with medical or health advice
adherence
a client's willingness to follow a treatment regimen
postive reinforcement
giving rewards, such as praise for a learner's achievements
imitation
copying the behaviours and attitudes of another person
modelling
observing the behaviour of people who have successfully achieved a goal that the person has set and, through observing, acquiring ideas for behaviour and coping strategies
phases of cognitive development
1. sensorimotor
2. pre conceptual
3. intuitive
4. concrete operations
5. formal intuitive
motivation
the desire to learn
readiness to learn
behaviours or cues that reflect a learner's motivation to learn at a specific time
health literacy
the ability to read, understand, and act on health information, including such tasks as comprehending prescription labels, interpreting appointment slips, completing health insurance form, and following instructions for diagnostic tests
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